Asplenia primary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anum Dilip, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
There are no established measures for the primary prevention of [disease name].
OR
There are no available vaccines against [disease name].
OR
Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
OR
[Vaccine name] vaccine is recommended for [patient population] to prevent [disease name]. Other primary prevention strategies include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].
Primary Prevention
Vaccination
- Up to 87% of asplenic patients were found to have been infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the most common bacterial pathogen leading to infection in patients with asplenia.[1]
- All patients with asplenia should receive the standard childhood and adolescent immunizations at the recommended age.[2]
- Immunizations against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis should be ensured and may be administered on an earlier schedule than is routine, due to the risk of fulminant sepsis from encapsulated bacteria.
- Pneumococcal vaccine: Both the conjugated 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine and the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for the asplenic patient.
- Meningococcal vaccine: The conjugate quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MCV4) should be given.
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib): Children with asplenia should receive the Hib vaccine, who present with a life-threatening Hib infection because the infection itself does not confer lifelong protection.
- Influenza vaccine: is recommended yearly, starting at six months of age, to lower the risk of secondary bacterial infections.
- All asplenic patients may be at risk of Salmonella infection while travelling to less developed areas of the world and should be immunized for Salmonella typhi.
- All age-appropriate vaccines and the yearly influenzae vaccine should be given to household contacts of asplenic patients.
References
- ↑ Waghorn DJ (2001). "Overwhelming infection in asplenic patients: current best practice preventive measures are not being followed". J Clin Pathol. 54 (3): 214–8. doi:10.1136/jcp.54.3.214. PMC 1731383. PMID 11253134.
- ↑ Salvadori MI, Price VE, Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee (2014). "Preventing and treating infections in children with asplenia or hyposplenia". Paediatr Child Health. 19 (5): 271–8. PMC 4029242. PMID 24855431.