Bartter syndrome causes
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Main article: Bartter syndrome
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tayyaba Ali, M.D.[2]
Causes
- Bartter syndrome can be caused by mutations in at least five genes.
- Mutations in the SLC12A1 gene cause type I. Type II results from mutations in the KCNJ1 gene. Mutations in the CLCNKB gene are responsible for type III. Type IV can result from mutations in the BSND gene or from a combination of mutations in the CLCNKA and CLCNKB genes as shown in the table.
- The genes associated with Bartter syndrome play important roles in normal kidney function. The proteins produced from these genes are involved in the kidneys' reabsorption of salt.
- Mutations in any of the five genes impair the kidneys' ability to reabsorb salt, leading to the loss of excess salt in the urine (salt wasting). Abnormalities of salt transport also affect the reabsorption of other charged atoms (ions), including potassium and calcium. The resulting imbalance of ions in the body leads to the major features of Bartter syndrome.[1]
| Disorder | Gene affected | Gene product | Clinical presentation (phenotype) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bartter syndrome type I | SLC12A1 | NKCC2 | Antenatal Bartter syndrome (hyperprostaglandin E syndrome) |
| Bartter syndrome type II | KCNJ1 | ROMK | Antenatal Bartter syndrome |
| Bartter syndrome type III | ClC-Kb | CLC-Kb | Hypochloremia, mild hypomagnesemia, failure to thrive in infancy |
| Bartter syndrome type IVA | BSND | Barttin (B-subunit of CLC-Ka and CLC-Kb) | Antenatal Bartter syndrome (hyperprostaglandin E syndrome) and sensorineural deafness |
| Bartter syndrome type IVB | ClC-Ka and ClC-Kb | CLC-Ka and CLC-Kb | Antenatal Bartter syndrome (hyperprostaglandin E syndrome) and sensorineural deafness |
| Bartter syndrome type V | CaSR gene | CaSR | Bartter syndrome with hypocalcemia |
- In some patients with Bartter syndrome, the genetic cause of the disorder is unknown. Researchers are searching for additional genes that may be associated with this condition.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Bartter syndrome - Genetics Home Reference - NIH".
- ↑ Seyberth HW (2008). "An improved terminology and classification of Bartter-like syndromes". Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 4 (10): 560–7. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0912. PMID 18695706.
- ↑ Al Shibli A, Narchi H (2015). "Bartter and Gitelman syndromes: Spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by different mutations". World J Methodol. 5 (2): 55–61. doi:10.5662/wjm.v5.i2.55. PMC 4482822. PMID 26140272.