Fabry's disease historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Neepa Shah, M.B.B.S.[2]
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Anderson - Fabry disease was first described at the end of the 19th century by two dermatologists, Johannes Fabry in Germany and William Anderson in England.
- In 1989 the origin of one of its many clinical names, "angiokeratoma corporis diffusum" was first identified by fabry as he described a clinical case of a13-year-old patient affected by nodular purpura and subsequent albuminuria. In that same year Anderson described the clinical case of a systemic disorder affecting a patient aged 39 with angiokeratomas, proteinuria, finger deformities, varicose veins and lymphedema.
- The first ten years of the 20th century identified other similar cases.
- In the year 1912, Madden illustrated the clinical case of a young Egyptian patient with diffuse angiokeratomas followed in 1915 by Fabry who reproposed this condition as "Angiokeratoma corporis naeviforme".
- In 1947 Pompen speculated the origin of Anderson - Fabry disease as rather “familial” after the clinical case of two brothers dying of a similar disease was identified.
- Anderson - Fabry Disease is a multi-systemic disorder caused by the build-up inside lysosomes of globotriaosylceramide or Gb3, the accumulated lipid material discovered in 1963 by Sweeley e Klionsky.In
- In 1960 it was established that Fabry's disease is an X- linked disease due to deficiency of alpha-galactosidase.
- In 1964 the clinical features of the main two phenotypes of the disease, the classical form and the atypical variants were described.
- In the ‘70s the enzyme involved in the metabolism of Gb3 was found to be α-galactosidase A, whose functional deficit causes the disease. The enzyme is encoded by the GLA gene - described in 1974 - located in the long arm of the X chromosome (q21-22).
- In the mid-1990s the many efforts to replace the lacking enzyme were successful and further led to the enzymatic replacement therapy for Anderson - Fabry disease.[1]
- In 2003 specific treatment for Fabry's disease namely Fabrazyme was introduced.
References
[1] Caterina Bartolotta, Marcello Filogamo, Paolo Colomba, Carmela Zizzo, Giuseppe Albeggiani, Simone Scalia, Daniele Francofonte, Giuseppe Cammarata, Vincenzo Savica, Giovanni Duro, FP907 HISTORY OF ANDERSON - FABRY DISEASE, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 30, Issue suppl_3, 1 May 2015, Page iii379, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv186.08