Weight loss resident survival guide
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Javaria Anwer M.D.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: weight loss management guide, unintentional weight loss management guide, loss of weight resident survival guide, pathologic weight loss resident survival guide.
Lymphadenopathy resident survival guide microchapters |
---|
Overview |
Causes |
Management |
Do's |
Don'ts |
Overview
Weight loss may be intentional or unintentional.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Malignancies (specifically digestive and non-hematologic), dementia, stroke, parkinson's disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, and oral disorders are more prevalent among individuals >65 years old.[1]
- Endocrine disorders, infections such as TB and HIV, psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, OCD, and malignancies such as hematologic ones are more prevalent among patients, <65 years of age.[1]
- The chart below demonstrates the cause of unintentional weight loss in adult population. The incidence describes the full range of occurrence described in five studies in older individuals.[2][3][4][5][1][6][7][8][9][10]
- To read about other causes of unintentional weight loss click here.
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of weight loss.[8][11][12][13]
History ❑ Source of history:
❑ Systemic review: Communicable infectious diseases/ travel to high-risk areas. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical exam Appearance of the patient Cachexia or surgical scar marks demonstrating previous malignancy treatment
❑ HEENT
❑ Extremities exam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labs ❑ CBC with differential
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- Perform a thorough physical exam to evaluate for cause of weight loss.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bosch X, Monclús E, Escoda O, Guerra-García M, Moreno P, Guasch N, López-Soto A (2017). "Unintentional weight loss: Clinical characteristics and outcomes in a prospective cohort of 2677 patients". PLoS ONE. 12 (4): e0175125. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175125. PMC 5384681. PMID 28388637.
- ↑ Alibhai, S. M.H. (2005). "An approach to the management of unintentional weight loss in elderly people". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 172 (6): 773–780. doi:10.1503/cmaj.1031527. ISSN 0820-3946.
- ↑ Wu, Wen-Chih Hank; Bosch, Xavier; Monclús, Esther; Escoda, Ona; Guerra-García, Mar; Moreno, Pedro; Guasch, Neus; López-Soto, Alfons (2017). "Unintentional weight loss: Clinical characteristics and outcomes in a prospective cohort of 2677 patients". PLOS ONE. 12 (4): e0175125. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175125. ISSN 1932-6203.
- ↑ Gaddey HL, Holder K (May 2014). "Unintentional weight loss in older adults". Am Fam Physician. 89 (9): 718–22. PMID 24784334.
- ↑ Lankisch P, Gerzmann M, Gerzmann JF, Lehnick D (January 2001). "Unintentional weight loss: diagnosis and prognosis. The first prospective follow-up study from a secondary referral centre". J. Intern. Med. 249 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00771.x. PMID 11168783.
- ↑ Sarkar SB, Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay S (October 2012). "Addison's disease". Contemp Clin Dent. 3 (4): 484–6. doi:10.4103/0976-237X.107450. PMC 3636818. PMID 23633816.
- ↑ Brymer C, Winograd CH (September 1992). "Fluoxetine in elderly patients: is there cause for concern?". J Am Geriatr Soc. 40 (9): 902–5. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01987.x. PMID 1512386.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Guigoz Y, Vellas B, Garry PJ (January 1996). "Assessing the nutritional status of the elderly: The Mini Nutritional Assessment as part of the geriatric evaluation". Nutr. Rev. 54 (1 Pt 2): S59–65. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03793.x. PMID 8919685.
- ↑ Morley JE, Kraenzle D (June 1994). "Causes of weight loss in a community nursing home". J Am Geriatr Soc. 42 (6): 583–5. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06853.x. PMID 8201141.
- ↑ Thompson MP, Morris LK (May 1991). "Unexplained weight loss in the ambulatory elderly". J Am Geriatr Soc. 39 (5): 497–500. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02496.x. PMID 2022802.
- ↑ Reber E, Gomes F, Vasiloglou MF, Schuetz P, Stanga Z (July 2019). "Nutritional Risk Screening and Assessment". J Clin Med. 8 (7). doi:10.3390/jcm8071065. PMC 6679209 Check
|pmc=
value (help). PMID 31330781. - ↑ Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, Vellas B, Plauth M (August 2003). "ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002". Clin Nutr. 22 (4): 415–21. doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(03)00098-0. PMID 12880610.
- ↑ Gazewood JD, Mehr DR (July 1998). "Diagnosis and management of weight loss in the elderly". J Fam Pract. 47 (1): 19–25. PMID 9673603.