Dyspareunia pathophysiology
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Overview
Dyspareunia is caused by medical causes, psychological problems, and pathophysiology can be considered as multifactorial, multisystemic or complex. dyspareunia vary based on the underlying causes . For example, estrogen deficiency causes atrophic vaginitis or ectopic uterine tissues in endometriosis causes dyspareunia.
Pathophysiology
Sexual pain disorders can be considered as:[1][2]
- Multifactorial
- Multisystemic
- Complex
Multifactorial:
- Biological, psychosexual, relational factors can coexist in a woman complaining of coital pain. Over time, these different factors may act as predisposing, precipitating, or perpetuating sexual pain disorders.
Multisystemic: sexual function involves:
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
- Vascular system
- Immunological systems
- vaginal ecosystem
complex: coital pain is greater than the simple peripheral tissue damage that may initially trigger the nociceptive component.When It becomes chronic,the pathophysiology of pain may gradually shift from nociceptive, a friend signal that should induce self protection and defense, to neuropathic, with a progressive involvement of the CNS.[3]