Heart murmur history and symptoms

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Disease	Clinical features
Disease	Signs	Symptoms
Aortic stenosis	Vitals Narrow pulse pressure: The systolic pressure may decrease and narrow pulse pressure may be present.^[1]^[2] Pulsus parvus et tardus.^[3] Pulsus bisferiens with mixed aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation.^[4] Delayed carotid upstroke (apical-carotid delay) is present. ^[5] Pulsus alternans.^[6] Heart laterally displaced apical impulse.^[7]^[8] Systolic thrill at the right second intercostal space, in the jugular notch and along the carotid arteries.^[9] paradoxical splitting of S2 is present with A2 taking place after P2..^[10]^[8]^[11] S4, S3. the murmur is Crescendo-decrescendo type of ejection systolic murmur.^[12]^[8] Lungs In a patient with Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonary rales may be present when congestive heart failure has developed.^[13]^[14]^[8] Extremeties Peripheral edema may be present in a patient who subsequently develops congestive heart failure.^[15]^[8]	Symptoms by Age Group Symptoms in Adults^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] Breathlessness with activity Chest pain, which resembles what is known as angina-type pain The pain is crushing, squeezing, pressure or tightness in nature The pain increases with exercise, relieved with rest. Fainting, weakness, or dizziness with activity Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) Symptoms in Infants and Children The following symptoms were observed in infants and children with aortic stenosis.^[20]^[21]^[22] Becoming tired or fatigued with exertion more easily than others (in mild cases) Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases) Extreme fatigue Sweating Pale skin Fast breathing They may also be smaller than other children their age Children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as they get older. They also run the risk of developing an infection of the heart valves (bacterial endocarditis).
	heart^[23]^[24]^[25] Jugular vein distension Apical impulse displaced laterally or not palpable Diastolic thrill at the apex Signs of heart failure in severe case the murmur will be Diastolic murmur, Low pitched, Opening snap followed by decrescendo-crescendo rumbling murmur.	Dyspnea on exertion Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Orthopnea New onset atrial fibrillation
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References

↑ Bermejo J (2005). "The effects of hypertension on aortic valve stenosis". Heart. 91 (3): 280–2. doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.041749. PMC 1768786. PMID 15710699.
↑ J. BERGERON, W. H. ABELMANN, H. VAZQUEZ-MILAN & L. B. ELLIS (1954). "Aortic stenosis; clinical manifestations and course of the disease; review of one hundred proved cases". A.M.A. archives of internal medicine. 94 (6): 911–924. PMID 13217489. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Etchells E, Bell C, Robb K (1997). "Does this patient have an abnormal systolic murmur?". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 277 (7): 564–71. PMID 9032164. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
↑ FLEMING PR (1957). "The mechanism of the pulsus bisferiens". Br Heart J. 19 (4): 519–24. PMC 503962. PMID 13471818.
↑ Blase A. Carabello & Walter J. Paulus (2009). "Aortic stenosis". Lancet (London, England). 373 (9667): 956–966. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60211-7. PMID 19232707. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ R. H. Swanton, B. S. Jenkins, I. A. Brooksby & M. M. Webb-Peploe (1976). "An analysis of pulsus alternans in aortic stenosis". European journal of cardiology. 4 (1): 39–47. PMID 1261578. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ S. J. Galloway, W. J. Casarella & P. M. Shimkin (1974). "Vascular malformations of the right colon as a cause of bleeding in patients with aortic stenosis". Radiology. 113 (1): 11–15. doi:10.1148/113.1.11. PMID 4547644. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO (2010). "Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management". Mayo Clin Proc. 85 (5): 483–500. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0706. PMC 2861980. PMID 20435842.
↑ S. J. Galloway, W. J. Casarella & P. M. Shimkin (1974). "Vascular malformations of the right colon as a cause of bleeding in patients with aortic stenosis". Radiology. 113 (1): 11–15. doi:10.1148/113.1.11. PMID 4547644. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Ilias Maglogiannis, Euripidis Loukis, Elias Zafiropoulos & Antonis Stasis (2009). "Support Vectors Machine-based identification of heart valve diseases using heart sounds". Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. 95 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2009.01.003. PMID 19269056. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Chance M. Witt, William R. Miranda & Darrell B. Newman (2016). "The maverick heart sound". Heart (British Cardiac Society). 102 (13): 1008. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309131. PMID 26919867. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Atsuko Furukawa, Yukio Abe, Makoto Ito, Chiharu Tanaka, Kazato Ito, Ryushi Komatsu, Kazuo Haze, Takahiko Naruko, Minoru Yoshiyama & Junichi Yoshikawa (2017). "Prediction of aortic stenosis-related events in patients with systolic ejection murmur using pocket-sized echocardiography". Journal of cardiology. 69 (1): 189–194. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.02.021. PMID 27012751. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Lennart van Gils, Marie-Annick Clavel, Mara Vollema, Victoria Delgado, Tamim Nazif, Ernest Spitzer, Rebecca Hahn, Jeroen Bax, Martin Leon, Philippe Pibarot & Nicolas Van Mieghem (2016). "TCT-819 Clinical Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure and Moderate Aortic Stenosis". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 68 (18S): B331–B332. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.910. PMID 27970209. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Ross J, Braunwald E (1968). "Aortic stenosis". Circulation. 38 (1 Suppl): 61–7. PMID 4894151.
↑ Michael Behnes, Siegfried Lang, Ole-A. Breithardt, Jens J. Kaden, Dariusch Haghi, Parviz Ahmad-Nejad, Elif Elmas, Christian Wolpert, Martin Borggrefe, Michael Neumaier & Martina Brueckmann (2008). "Association of NT-proBNP with severity of heart valve disease in a medical patient population presenting with acute dyspnea or peripheral edema". The Journal of heart valve disease. 17 (5): 557–565. PMID 18980090. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Rajani R, Rimington H, Chambers JB (2010). "Treadmill exercise in apparently asymptomatic patients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis: relationship between cardiac index and revealed symptoms". Heart. 96 (9): 689–95. doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.181644. PMID 20424150.
↑ Amato MC, Moffa PJ, Werner KE, Ramires JA (2001). "Treatment decision in asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis: role of exercise testing". Heart. 86 (4): 381–6. PMC 1729928. PMID 11559673.
↑ Das P, Pocock C, Chambers J (2000). "The patient with a systolic murmur: severe aortic stenosis may be missed during cardiovascular examination". QJM. 93 (10): 685–8. PMID 11029480.
↑ Park SJ, Enriquez-Sarano M, Chang SA, Choi JO, Lee SC, Park SW; et al. (2013). "Hemodynamic patterns for symptomatic presentations of severe aortic stenosis". JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 6 (2): 137–46. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.10.013. PMID 23489526.
↑ Mody MR, Nadas AS, Bernhard WF (1967). "Aortic stenosis in infants". N Engl J Med. 276 (15): 832–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM196704132761503. PMID 6020739.
↑ ONGLEY PA, NADAS AS, PAUL MH, RUDOLPH AM, STARKEY GW (1958). "Aortic stenosis in infants and children". Pediatrics. 21 (2): 207–21. PMID 13505014.
↑ Yun SW (2011). "Congenital heart disease in the newborn requiring early intervention". Korean J Pediatr. 54 (5): 183–91. doi:10.3345/kjp.2011.54.5.183. PMC 3145901. PMID 21829408.
↑ Nassar PN, Hamdan RH (2011). "Cor Triatriatum Sinistrum: Classification and Imaging Modalities". Eur J Cardiovasc Med. 1 (3): 84–87. doi:10.5083/ejcm.20424884.21. PMC 3286827. PMID 22379596.
↑ Roudaut R, Serri K, Lafitte S (2007). "Thrombosis of prosthetic heart valves: diagnosis and therapeutic considerations". Heart. 93 (1): 137–42. doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.071183. PMC 1861363. PMID 17170355.
↑ Apostolakis EE, Baikoussis NG (2009). "Methods of estimation of mitral valve regurgitation for the cardiac surgeon". J Cardiothorac Surg. 4: 34. doi:10.1186/1749-8090-4-34. PMC 2723095. PMID 19604402.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid15710699-1] Bermejo J (2005). "The effects of hypertension on aortic valve stenosis". Heart. 91 (3): 280–2. doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.041749. PMC 1768786. PMID 15710699.

[2] J. BERGERON, W. H. ABELMANN, H. VAZQUEZ-MILAN & L. B. ELLIS (1954). "Aortic stenosis; clinical manifestations and course of the disease; review of one hundred proved cases". A.M.A. archives of internal medicine. 94 (6): 911–924. PMID 13217489. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid90321642-3] Etchells E, Bell C, Robb K (1997). "Does this patient have an abnormal systolic murmur?". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 277 (7): 564–71. PMID 9032164. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[pmid134718182-4] FLEMING PR (1957). "The mechanism of the pulsus bisferiens". Br Heart J. 19 (4): 519–24. PMC 503962. PMID 13471818.

[5] Blase A. Carabello & Walter J. Paulus (2009). "Aortic stenosis". Lancet (London, England). 373 (9667): 956–966. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60211-7. PMID 19232707. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[6] R. H. Swanton, B. S. Jenkins, I. A. Brooksby & M. M. Webb-Peploe (1976). "An analysis of pulsus alternans in aortic stenosis". European journal of cardiology. 4 (1): 39–47. PMID 1261578. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[7] S. J. Galloway, W. J. Casarella & P. M. Shimkin (1974). "Vascular malformations of the right colon as a cause of bleeding in patients with aortic stenosis". Radiology. 113 (1): 11–15. doi:10.1148/113.1.11. PMID 4547644. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid204358422-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO (2010). "Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management". Mayo Clin Proc. 85 (5): 483–500. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0706. PMC 2861980. PMID 20435842.

[9] S. J. Galloway, W. J. Casarella & P. M. Shimkin (1974). "Vascular malformations of the right colon as a cause of bleeding in patients with aortic stenosis". Radiology. 113 (1): 11–15. doi:10.1148/113.1.11. PMID 4547644. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[10] Ilias Maglogiannis, Euripidis Loukis, Elias Zafiropoulos & Antonis Stasis (2009). "Support Vectors Machine-based identification of heart valve diseases using heart sounds". Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. 95 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2009.01.003. PMID 19269056. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[11] Chance M. Witt, William R. Miranda & Darrell B. Newman (2016). "The maverick heart sound". Heart (British Cardiac Society). 102 (13): 1008. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309131. PMID 26919867. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[12] Atsuko Furukawa, Yukio Abe, Makoto Ito, Chiharu Tanaka, Kazato Ito, Ryushi Komatsu, Kazuo Haze, Takahiko Naruko, Minoru Yoshiyama & Junichi Yoshikawa (2017). "Prediction of aortic stenosis-related events in patients with systolic ejection murmur using pocket-sized echocardiography". Journal of cardiology. 69 (1): 189–194. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.02.021. PMID 27012751. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[13] Lennart van Gils, Marie-Annick Clavel, Mara Vollema, Victoria Delgado, Tamim Nazif, Ernest Spitzer, Rebecca Hahn, Jeroen Bax, Martin Leon, Philippe Pibarot & Nicolas Van Mieghem (2016). "TCT-819 Clinical Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure and Moderate Aortic Stenosis". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 68 (18S): B331–B332. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.910. PMID 27970209. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid48941512-14] Ross J, Braunwald E (1968). "Aortic stenosis". Circulation. 38 (1 Suppl): 61–7. PMID 4894151.

[15] Michael Behnes, Siegfried Lang, Ole-A. Breithardt, Jens J. Kaden, Dariusch Haghi, Parviz Ahmad-Nejad, Elif Elmas, Christian Wolpert, Martin Borggrefe, Michael Neumaier & Martina Brueckmann (2008). "Association of NT-proBNP with severity of heart valve disease in a medical patient population presenting with acute dyspnea or peripheral edema". The Journal of heart valve disease. 17 (5): 557–565. PMID 18980090. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid204241502-16] Rajani R, Rimington H, Chambers JB (2010). "Treadmill exercise in apparently asymptomatic patients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis: relationship between cardiac index and revealed symptoms". Heart. 96 (9): 689–95. doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.181644. PMID 20424150.

[pmid115596732-17] Amato MC, Moffa PJ, Werner KE, Ramires JA (2001). "Treatment decision in asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis: role of exercise testing". Heart. 86 (4): 381–6. PMC 1729928. PMID 11559673.

[pmid110294802-18] Das P, Pocock C, Chambers J (2000). "The patient with a systolic murmur: severe aortic stenosis may be missed during cardiovascular examination". QJM. 93 (10): 685–8. PMID 11029480.

[pmid234895262-19] Park SJ, Enriquez-Sarano M, Chang SA, Choi JO, Lee SC, Park SW; et al. (2013). "Hemodynamic patterns for symptomatic presentations of severe aortic stenosis". JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 6 (2): 137–46. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.10.013. PMID 23489526.

[pmid60207392-20] Mody MR, Nadas AS, Bernhard WF (1967). "Aortic stenosis in infants". N Engl J Med. 276 (15): 832–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM196704132761503. PMID 6020739.

[pmid135050142-21] ONGLEY PA, NADAS AS, PAUL MH, RUDOLPH AM, STARKEY GW (1958). "Aortic stenosis in infants and children". Pediatrics. 21 (2): 207–21. PMID 13505014.

[pmid218294082-22] Yun SW (2011). "Congenital heart disease in the newborn requiring early intervention". Korean J Pediatr. 54 (5): 183–91. doi:10.3345/kjp.2011.54.5.183. PMC 3145901. PMID 21829408.

[pmid22379596-23] Nassar PN, Hamdan RH (2011). "Cor Triatriatum Sinistrum: Classification and Imaging Modalities". Eur J Cardiovasc Med. 1 (3): 84–87. doi:10.5083/ejcm.20424884.21. PMC 3286827. PMID 22379596.

[pmid17170355-24] Roudaut R, Serri K, Lafitte S (2007). "Thrombosis of prosthetic heart valves: diagnosis and therapeutic considerations". Heart. 93 (1): 137–42. doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.071183. PMC 1861363. PMID 17170355.

[pmid19604402-25] Apostolakis EE, Baikoussis NG (2009). "Methods of estimation of mitral valve regurgitation for the cardiac surgeon". J Cardiothorac Surg. 4: 34. doi:10.1186/1749-8090-4-34. PMC 2723095. PMID 19604402.

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Heart murmur history and symptoms

References

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