Norovirus infection physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Physical examination of patients with norovirus infection may be remarkable for low-grade fever, tachycardia, abdominal tenderness, and signs of dehydration (reduced skin turgor, sunken fontanelles, sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes). In severe cases of dehydration, physical examination may be remarkable for hypotension and abnormal orthostatic vital signs.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with norovirus infection is often remarkable for the following findings:[1][2]
General Appearance
- Sick-looking
- Crying children
Vital Signs
- Fever (usually low-grade)
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Orthostatic hypotension may be present in severe dehydration
Skin
- Reduced skin turgor
- Skin pallor
- Slow capillary refill
HEENT
- Sunken fontanelles in infants
- Sunken eyes
- Absent tears
- Dry mucous membranes
Abdomen
- Abdominal tenderness (usually diffuse)
Neurologic
- Altered mental status may be present in severe dehydration, especially among elderly or pediatric patients
References
- ↑ Robilotti E, Deresinski S, Pinsky BA (2015). "Norovirus". Clin Microbiol Rev. 28 (1): 134–64. doi:10.1128/CMR.00075-14. PMC 4284304. PMID 25567225.
- ↑ Lopman BA, Reacher MH, Vipond IB, Sarangi J, Brown DW (2004). "Clinical manifestation of norovirus gastroenteritis in health care settings". Clin Infect Dis. 39 (3): 318–24. doi:10.1086/421948. PMID 15306997.