Menopause epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Rahmah Al-Edresi, M.D.[2]


Overview

Menopause is typically beginning between the ages of 49 and 52, age at menopause is also higher in the West as compared to the range of 45-47 years in developing countries. About 25 million women pass through menopause each year, In the United States, approximately 1.3 million women become menopausal each year. By 2030, the world population of menopausal and postmenopausal women is projected to increase to 1.2 billion. Menopausal symptoms differ in women according to areas and countries that they live them e.g. shoulder pain in Japan, hot flush In the West, and low vision in India. 85 % of postmenopausal women have experienced a menopause-related symptom in their lifetime, 15% increased the risk of causes mortality among women at an early age at menopause. The ethnic differences in the symptoms experienced during the menopausal transition were noted. Asian women had experienced the smallest number of menopausal symptoms compared with all other ethnic groups, but African American women had experienced the largest number of menopausal symptoms compared with other ethnic groups.


Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence and Incidence



Age

  • Menopause is typically beginning between the ages of 49 and 52. However, about 5% of women experience early menopause between the ages of 40 and 45. Additionally, 1% of women experience premature menopause before the age of 40, due to premature ovarian failure.[5]
  • "Age at menopause is also higher in the West as compared to the range of 45-47 years in developing countries like India. Historically also a lower age at menopause was range documented in earlier times. This rose to the range of 50-51 years in the present era".[4]


Mortality rate

15% increased the risk of causes mortality among women at an early age at menopause. The relationship between menopause and mortality is unclear, Increased causes of mortality risk in women that never using postmenopausal hormones with natural menopause at ages <40. This study indicates that HRT use among women who experienced menopause at <45 years of age may increase the risk of mortality, women that are using estrogen and estrogen plus progestin therapy become have more increased risk for stroke. Another review reported a low risk of stroke for oral estrogen use among women who began HRT before age 65.[6]

Race

  • Data regarding racial differences in age at menopause have been mixed with several small studies reporting that menopause occurs approximately six months earlier in Black women when compared to age-matched White women, while other larger studies have reported no racial difference. The ethnic differences in the symptoms experienced during the menopausal transition were noted. Asian women had experienced the smallest number of menopausal symptoms compared with all other ethnic groups, but African American women had experienced the largest number of menopausal symptoms compared with other ethnic groups. Brazilian women had experienced highly prevalent and similar vasomotor symptoms like Western women.[7]




References

  1. Hill K (1996). "The demography of menopause". Maturitas. 23 (2): 113–27. doi:10.1016/0378-5122(95)00968-x. PMID 8735350.
  2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507826/#article-24984.s11
  3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542113/#:~:text=With%20the%20aging%20of%20the,the%20year%202030%20%5B1%5D.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Singh A, Kaur S, Walia I (2002). "A historical perspective on menopause and menopausal age". Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad. 32 (2): 121–35. PMID 15981376.
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507826/#article-24984.s11
  6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651856/#:~:text=Increased%20all%2Dcause%20mortality%20risk%20was%20reported%20in%20the%20BWHS,associations%20were%20found%20for%20ever%2D
  7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2670463


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