Thrombophilia risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Asiri Ediriwickrema, M.D., M.H.S. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of acquired thrombophlias are trauma, surgery, immobility, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and age. Common risk factors for the development of inherited thrombophilias are a family history of thrombosis at an early age or a family history of inherited thrombophilia. Common genetic risk factors in the development of inherited thrombophilias are mutations in factor V leiden and prothrombin G20210A.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of acquired thrombophlias include:
Common risk factors for the development of inherited thrombophilias are a family history of thrombosis at an early age or a family history of inherited thrombophilia.
Common genetic risk factors in the development of inherited thrombophilias are mutations in Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin G20210A.[1][2][3]
- Age and gender also contribute to the development of thrombosis, with advancing age associated with a relatively increased risk of thrombosis. For instance, studies have shown that elderly persons have increased production of prothrombotic coagulation factors such as von Willebrand factor and thrombin. The elderly also may experience a normal physiologic activation of platelets compared to younger persons.
- Predisposing factors for VTE include:
- Fracture of lower limb
- Hospitalization for heart failure or atrial fibrillation/flutter within the previous three months
- Hip or knee replacement
- Major trauma
- History of previous venous thromboembolism
- Central venous lines
- Chemotherapy
- Congestive heart failure or respiratory failure
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Oral contraceptive therapy
- Postpartum period
- Infection (specifically pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and HIV)
- Cancer (highest risk in metastatic disease)
- Thrombophilia
- Bed rest greater than three days
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
References
- ↑ Cohoon KP, Heit JA (2014). "Inherited and secondary thrombophilia". Circulation. 129 (2): 254–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001943. PMC 3979345. PMID 24421360.
- ↑ Seligsohn U, Lubetsky A (2001). "Genetic susceptibility to venous thrombosis". N Engl J Med. 344 (16): 1222–31. doi:10.1056/NEJM200104193441607. PMID 11309638.
- ↑ Middeldorp S (2011). "Evidence-based approach to thrombophilia testing". J Thromb Thrombolysis. 31 (3): 275–81. doi:10.1007/s11239-011-0572-y. PMC 3056012. PMID 21340752.