Major depressive disorder causes
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Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions includes:
Common Causes
- Genetic predisposition
- Life experiences
- Divorce or the end of a serious relationship
- Eating disorders
- Financial difficulties or poverty
- Gambling addiction
- Grief over the death of a child, spouse, other family members, or friends.
- Job loss or unemployment
- Loss of religious faith[1]
- Ongoing major health problems
- Medical conditions
- Cardiovascular disease[2]
- Hepatitis[3]:
There is a high prevalence of depression in patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection, especially those who are on Interferon therapy. - Mononucleosis[4][5]
- Hypothyroidism[6]
- Sleep apnea[7]
- Fructose malabsorption[8]
- Parkinson disease[9]
- Multiple Sclerosis [10]
- Hormonal contraception[11]
- Steroids
- Addison's disease[12]
- Syphilis
- Post- stroke[13]
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)[14]
- Dietary
- Seasonal Affective Disorder:
- Due to production of excessive melatonin
- Postpartum Depression
- Drugs:[16]
- Cardiovascular drugs:
ACEI,Calcium Channel blockers,Digitalis,Clonidine, Hydralazine,Methyl-dopa, Procainamide,Propanolol,Thiazide and Zolamide diuretics, Reserpine - Anti-parkinsonian drugs:
Levodopa, Amantadine, Bromocriptine - Anti-convulsants:
Ethosuximide, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin,Vigabatrin,Tiagabine - Anti-psychotic:
Fluphenazine,Haloperidol - Chemotherapeutics:
Azathioprine, Bleomycin, Cisplatin,Cyclophosphamide, Vinblastine, Vincristine - Stimulants:
Amphetamine withdrawal, Cocaine withdrawal - Anti-retroviral:
Atazanavir,Efavirenz, Zidovudine, Saquinavir - Sedative and anxiolytics:
Barbiturates, Ethanol, Benzodiazepines
- Cardiovascular drugs:
- ↑ NJC Andreasen (1972), "The role of religion in depression", Journal of Religion and Health, Springer
- ↑ Manev R, Manev H (2004). "5-Lipoxygenase as a putative link between cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders". Crit Rev Neurobiol. 16 (1–2): 181–6. doi:10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v16.i12.190. PMID 15581413.
- ↑ Alian S, Masoudzadeh A, Khoddad T, Dadashian A, Ali Mohammadpour R (2013). "Depression in hepatitis B and C, and its correlation with hepatitis drugs consumption (interfron/lamivodin/ribaverin)". Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 7 (1): 24–9. PMC 3939977. PMID 24644496.
- ↑ Senior, Kathryn (1999). "Anecdotal link between mononucleosis and depression disproved". The Lancet. 353 (9148): 214. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)77225-1. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ White PD, Lewis SW (July 1987). "Delusional depression after infectious mononucleosis". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 295 (6590): 97–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6590.97-a. PMC 1246972. PMID 3113655.
- ↑ Dayan CM, Panicker V (September 2013). "Hypothyroidism and depression". Eur Thyroid J. 2 (3): 168–79. doi:10.1159/000353777. PMC 4017747. PMID 24847450.
- ↑ Jehan S, Auguste E, Pandi-Perumal SR, Kalinowski J, Myers AK, Zizi F, Rajanna MG, Jean-Louis G, McFarlane SI (2017). "Depression, Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Psychosocial Health". Sleep Med Disord. 1 (3). PMC 5836734. PMID 29517078.
- ↑ Ledochowski M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Widner B, Fuchs D (June 1998). "Fructose malabsorption is associated with early signs of mental depression". Eur. J. Med. Res. 3 (6): 295–8. PMID 9620891.
- ↑ Marsh L (December 2013). "Depression and Parkinson's disease: current knowledge". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 13 (12): 409. doi:10.1007/s11910-013-0409-5. PMC 4878671. PMID 24190780.
- ↑ Siegert RJ, Abernethy DA (April 2005). "Depression in multiple sclerosis: a review". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 76 (4): 469–75. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.054635. PMC 1739575. PMID 15774430.
- ↑ Skovlund CW, Mørch LS, Kessing LV, Lidegaard Ø (November 2016). "Association of Hormonal Contraception With Depression". JAMA Psychiatry. 73 (11): 1154–1162. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2387. PMID 27680324.
- ↑ Abdel-Motleb M (October 2012). "The neuropsychiatric aspect of Addison's disease: a case report". Innov Clin Neurosci. 9 (10): 34–6. PMC 3508960. PMID 23198275.
- ↑ Paolucci S (February 2008). "Epidemiology and treatment of post-stroke depression". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 4 (1): 145–54. doi:10.2147/ndt.s2017. PMC 2515899. PMID 18728805.
- ↑ Knouse LE, Zvorsky I, Safren SA (December 2013). "Depression in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): The Mediating Role of Cognitive-Behavioral Factors". Cognit Ther Res. 37 (6): 1220–1232. doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9569-5. PMC 4469239. PMID 26089578.
- ↑ Rao TS, Asha MR, Ramesh BN, Rao KS (April 2008). "Understanding nutrition, depression and mental illnesses". Indian J Psychiatry. 50 (2): 77–82. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.42391. PMC 2738337. PMID 19742217.
- ↑ Gautam S, Jain A, Gautam M, Vahia VN, Grover S (January 2017). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of Depression". Indian J Psychiatry. 59 (Suppl 1): S34–S50. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.196973. PMC 5310101. PMID 28216784.