Third degree AV block other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
Other diagnostic studies for third-degree AV block include diagnostic electrophysiologic studies, which may demonstrate atrioventricular (AV) conduction abnormalities and help to determine the level of the block.Ambulatory monitoring is warranted in cases of possible transient heart block, or some other bradyarrhythmias that might be mistaken with third-degree AV block. Cardiac catheterization or stress testing is warranted if ischemic heart disease is suspected.
Other Diagnostic Studies
| Other diagnostic testing for bradycardia associated atrioventricular block |
| (Class IIa, Level of Evidence B): |
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❑ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring is recommended in the presence of first degree atrioventricular block or second degree atrioventricular block mobitz type 1 on ECG with symptoms of bradycardia (dizziness, faint) and unclear etioly, to establish correlation between symptoms and rhythm abnormalities. <be> |
| (Class IIa, Level of Evidence C): |
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❑Exercise treadmill test is recommended in the presence of chest pain or shortness of breath during exercise and first degree or second degree atrioventricular block during rest ECG |
| (Class IIb, Level of Evidence B): |
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❑EPS is reasonable in second degree atrioventricular block for determining the level of block and benefit of PPM |
| (Class IIb, Level of Evidence C): |
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❑ Carotid sinus massage or pharmacological challenge with atropine or isoproterenol, procainamide can be used in patients with second degree atrioventricular block to determine the level of block and the need for PPM insertion |
Electrophysiologic studies (EPS) are rarely done to diagnose patients with complete AV block and may demonstrate:[1][2]
- Atrioventricular (AV) conduction abnormalities
- Determining the level of the block (AV nodal or infranodal)
- Mapping, and providing basic material for intervention and placement of a pacemaker
Ambulatory monitoring is warranted in cases of:
- Transient heart block
- Other bradyarrhythmias that might be mistaken with third-degree AV block
Finally, if there are concerns for ischemic heart disease the cardiac catheterization or stress testing is warranted and might show:
- Pieces of evidence of active coronary ischemia
- Filling defect in the angiogram
- Positive stress test
References
- ↑ Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, et al. 2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the Task Force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(29):2281-2329. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht150
- ↑ Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society [published correction appears in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Aug 20;74(7):1016-1018]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(7):e51-e156. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.044