Bacterial pneumonia epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz

Overview

Pneumonia is a condition seen in the vast majority of regions, but pneumonia related deaths have been disproportionally higher in low and middle income nations, including the sub-Saharan African and South Asian regions.^[1]
Pneumonia case rates are primarily affected by factors relating to seasonal variations. Studies show that a majority of Streptococcus pneumoniae cases were most prevalent during the winter, whereas far fewer cases presented in the summertime in comparison.^[2] Specifications regarding geography are of considerable importance in regards to fungal pneumonia.^[3]

Approximately 5 million people are affected every year in the United States alone, with outpatients making up the majority at 80% but having a low mortality rate of 1%. Up to half of the patients that are admitted into hospitals succumb to the disease.^[4]
Worldwide, the incidence of community acquired pneumonia averages 1.5-14 cases per every 1000 individuals.^[3]
The incidence in the United States is approximately 25 cases per 10,000 adults.^[3]
The CDC estimates that Streptococcus pneumoniae alone is responsible for nearly 150,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually.