Cavernous angioma epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.
Overview
Cavernous angioma is the second most common form of intravascular malformation next to the developmental venous anomaly (DVA). The incidence in the general population is between 0.1–0.5%, and symptoms usually manifest in the third to fifth decade of life. Once thought to be strictly congenital, these vascular lesions have been found to occur de novo.
Epidemiology
Incidence
- Cavernous angioma is the second most common form of intravascular malformation next to the developmental venous anomaly (DVA).[1]
- The incidence in the general population is between 0.1–0.5%.[1]
Prevalence
- With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral cavernous malformations are currently the most commonly identified brain vascular malformations.
Multiple Lesions
- Multiple lesions are seen in approximately 15-33% of spontaneous cases. A familial form of the disorder exists and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expression. Multiple lesions are more common in the familial form, occurring in as many as 73% of patients.
- Cavernous malformations also appear to be the most common central nervous system (CNS) vascular malformation subtype in patients with mixed lesions. The most common combination includes a developmental venous anomaly, which is identified in approximately 10-30% of patients with cavernous angiomas.[2]
Age
- Cavernous malformations can occur at any age, but they are most likely to become clinically apparent in patients around 37 years old.[1][2]
Race
- Although there is not enough evidence regarding the distribution of cavernous angioma among various races, there is a greater prevalence of cavernous angioma among Hispanic populations and Southwest US-American descent .[3][4][5]
Gender
- Men have a slightly higher prevalence than women. [6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Idiculla PS, Gurala D, Philipose J, Rajdev K, Patibandla P (2020). "Cerebral Cavernous Malformations, Developmental Venous Anomaly, and Its Coexistence: A Review". Eur Neurol. 83 (4): 360–368. doi:10.1159/000508748. PMID 32731220 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zafar A, Quadri SA, Farooqui M, Ikram A, Robinson M, Hart BL; et al. (2019). "Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations". Stroke. 50 (5): 1294–1301. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.022314. PMC 6924279 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 30909834. - ↑ Choquet H, Nelson J, Pawlikowska L, McCulloch CE, Akers A, Baca B; et al. (2014). "Association of cardiovascular risk factors with disease severity in cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 subjects with the common Hispanic mutation". Cerebrovasc Dis. 37 (1): 57–63. doi:10.1159/000356839. PMC 3995158. PMID 24401931.
- ↑ Rigamonti D, Hadley MN, Drayer BP, Johnson PC, Hoenig-Rigamonti K, Knight JT; et al. (1988). "Cerebral cavernous malformations. Incidence and familial occurrence". N Engl J Med. 319 (6): 343–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM198808113190605. PMID 3393196.
- ↑ Zabramski JM, Wascher TM, Spetzler RF, Johnson B, Golfinos J, Drayer BP; et al. (1994). "The natural history of familial cavernous malformations: results of an ongoing study". J Neurosurg. 80 (3): 422–32. doi:10.3171/jns.1994.80.3.0422. PMID 8113854.
- ↑ Flemming KD, Graff-Radford J, Aakre J, Kantarci K, Lanzino G, Brown RD; et al. (2017). "Population-Based Prevalence of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Older Adults: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging". JAMA Neurol. 74 (7): 801–805. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.0439. PMC 5647645. PMID 28492932.