Ischemic stroke epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Worldwide, the incidence of ischemic stroke is estimated to be 68 percent.[1]
- Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the Western world, after heart disease and cancer, and causes 10% of deaths worldwide.[2]
- The incidence of stroke increases exponentially from 30 years of age, and etiology varies by age.[3]
Age
According to National Health Interview survey data, there is increased no of hospitalizations in patients aged 5-44 years for ischemic stroke.
- 95% of strokes occur in people age 45 and older; two-thirds of strokes occur in those over the age of 65.[4]
- A person's risk of dying if he or she does have a stroke also increases with age.
- However, stroke can occur at any age, including in fetuses.
- Stroke is the second leading killer of people under 20 yrs age who suffer from sickle-cell anemia.
Gender
- Men are 1.25 times more likely to suffer cerebral vascular accidents than women.
- However, 60% of deaths from stroke occur in women: Since women usually live longer, they are usually older when they suffer from strokes and are more often killed).[4]
- Some risk factors for stroke apply only to women
- Primary among these are pregnancy, childbirth, menopause and the treatment thereof (HRT).
Race
- The risk of incidence of first stroke is twice in African-American population as compared to Caucasians with increased mortality rates.[5]
Geographical distribution
- There is increased incidence and mortality rates of stroke in developing countries as compared to developed countries due to low socioeconomic status and heath facilities.
- In the USA, the highest death rates from stroke are in the southeastern United States.[5]
Stroke in USA
- Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability
- In USA, the incidence and mortality rates of stroke has significantly decreased compared to previous years.
- From year 2003 to 2013, the mortality rates due to stroke declined by 18.5%.[6]
- In 2013, stroke became the fifth leading cause of death.
- The case fatality rate of stroke is estimated to be 41.7 deaths per 100, 000 population[6]
- The incidence of new (610, 000) or recurrent stroke (185, 000) is estimated to be 795000 people annually or 250 cases per 100, 000.[6]
- It is estimated that one incidence of stroke happens every 4 sec with death occurs every 4 min.[6]
- About 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes[5]
- Stroke costs the United States an estimated $34 billion each year[5]
Worldwide
- According to WHO, the incidence of stroke is estimated to be 15 million people annually, worldwide.[7].
- Out of these, 5 million die and 5 million are left permanently disabled.[7].
References
- ↑ Murray CJ, Lopez AD (1997). "Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study". Lancet. 349 (9061): 1269–76. PMID 9142060.
- ↑ The World health report 2004. Annex Table 2: Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, estimates for 2002 (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2004.
- ↑ Ellekjær, H (1997). "Epidemiology of Stroke in Innherred, Norway, 1994 to 1996 : Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality Rate". Stroke. 28: 2180–2184. PMID 9368561. Retrieved 2008-01-22. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (1999). "Stroke: Hope Through Research". National Institutes of Health.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ; et al. (2016). "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association". Circulation. 133 (4): e38–360. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350. PMID 26673558.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mackay, Judith, et al. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization, 2004 Accessed on November 3 2016