Mononucleosis (patient information)

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What is Mononucleosis?

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a very prevalent viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a herpes virus. 90% of adults have been exposed to the mononucleosis, many as little children, when no symptoms or flu-like symptoms are exhibited. In underdeveloped countries, almost everyone is exposed at a very young age, so mononucleosis exists mostly in developed countries.

What are the symptoms of Mononucleosis?

The main symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are:

• sore throat (more common in children)
• fever
• fatigue
• weight loss
• malaise, general discomfort
• enlarged lymph nodes (more common in children)
• enlarged spleen
• enlarged liver (more common in adults)
• jaundice (more common in adults)

Some rarer and more serious symptoms are:

• lower levels of platelets and blood cells
• rupture or hemorrhage of the spleen
• airway obstruction
• pneumonitis

Cases are almost never fatal.

How is Mononucleosis spread?

Infectious mononucleosis is spread through immediate contact with saliva, hence the colloquial name "kissing disease." Sharing eating utensils is another way to transmit mononucleosis. Contact through air or blood does not spread mononucleosis. Even long after having been exposed to the virus and any acute symptoms are gone, people still carry the virus. They are typically not at risk of reinfection but are at risk of infecting others. Because so many people have been infected with the virus, prevention from exposure is near impossible.

Where to find medical care for Hepatitis A

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hepatitis A