Chagas disease (patient information)

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What are the symptoms of Chagas disease?

Chagas disease has two phases -- acute and chronic. The acute phase may have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. Symptoms include:

• Fever
• General ill feeling (malaise)
• Swelling of one eye
• Swollen red area at site of insect bite

After the acute phase the disease goes into remission. No other symptoms may appear for many years. When symptoms finally develop, they may include:

• Constipation
• Digestive problems
• Pain in the abdomen
• Swallowing difficulties

What are the causes of Chagas disease?

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite related to the African trypanosome that causes sleeping sickness. It is spread by reduvid bugs and is one of the major health problems in South America. Due to immigration, the disease also affects people in the United States.

Who is at risk for Chagas disease?

Risk factors for Chagas disease include:

• Living in a hut where reduvid bugs live in the walls
• Living in Central or South America
• Poverty
• Receiving a blood transfusion from a person who carries the parasite but does not have active Chagas disease

How to know you have Chagas disease?

Physical examination can confirm the symptoms. Signs may include:

• Cardiomyopathy
• Enlarged liver and spleen
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
• Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)

Tests include:

• Blood culture
• Chest x-ray
• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)
• Peripheral blood smear

Where to find medical care for Chagas disease

Directions to Hospitals Treating Chagas disease