Atrial septal defect epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]
Overview
Atrial septal defects are the most common form of congenital heart disease, accounting for 20-40% of all congenital heart disease cases in adults. Atrial septal defects can be classified into : ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus venosus and common or single atrium defects . Collectively, atrial septal defects account for 10% of all congenital heart disease. Infants and adolescent patients may be asymptomatic until later in life. By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of symptoms.
Epidemiology and demographics
- As a group, atrial septal defects (ASDs) are detected in 1 child per 1500 live births.
- ASDs make up 20-40% of all congenital heart disease that is seen in adults and are the most common form of congenital heart defect in adults besides bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse.[1]
- It accounts for 10% of all congenital heart disease.
- There are three major types of atrial septal defects, ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus vinosus
- The ostium secundum defect is the most common type of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 7% of all congenital heart defects and 30-40% of all congenital heart disease in patients aged 40 or older.
- The ostium primum defect is the second most common type of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 15-20% of all atrial septal defects. This particular form of atrial septal defect is also categorized as an atrioventricular septal defect and is associated with mitral valve abnormalities.
- The sinus venosus defect is the third most common form of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 5-10% of all atrial septal defects. It is commonly associatd with anomalous connection of the right-sided pulmonary veins and often requires additional imaging tests in diagnosis.
- Another form of inter-atrial communication is [Patent foramen ovales. They are not atrial septal defects as no septal tissue is missing. (PFOs) are quite common (appearing in 10 - 20% of adults) but are asymptomatic and therefore undiagnosed.
Sex
- In general, atrial septal defect shows a female preponderance, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1.[2]
Age
- By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of symptoms.
- Prior to 40, patients may be entirely asymptomatic and live without complication.
References
- ↑ Kaplan S (1993). "Congenital heart disease in adolescents and adults. Natural and postoperative history across age groups". Cardiol Clin. 11 (4): 543–56. PMID 8252558.
- ↑ Feldt R, Avasthey P, Yoshimasu F, Kurland L, Titus J (1971). "Incidence of congenital heart disease in children born to residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950-1969". Mayo Clin Proc. 46 (12): 794–9. PMID 5128021.