Renal cell carcinoma
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Renal cell carcinoma On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Renal cell carcinoma |
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.
Contributors: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D., Cafer Zorkun M.D., PhD.
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Synonyms and Key Words: RCC, renal cell, renal cell CA, renal cell carcinoma, kidney cancer, kidney carcinoma, kidney CA, Grawitz tumor, hypernephroma
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology & Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Causes
Differentiating Kidney cancer
Complications, & Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Staging | Laboratory tests | Electrocardiogram | X Rays | CT | MRI Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other images | Alternative diagnostics
Treatment
Medical therapy | Surgical options | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | Financial costs | Future therapies
Prognosis
The outcome varies depending on the size of the tumor, whether it is confined to the kidney or not, and the presence or absence of metastatic spread. The Furhman grading, which measures the aggressiveness of the tumor, may also affect survival, though the data is not as strong to support this.
The five year survival rate is around 90-95% for tumors less than 4 cm. For larger tumors confined to the kidney without venous invasion, survival is still relatively good at 80-85%. For tumors that extend through the renal capsule and out of the local fascial investments, the survivability reduces to near 60%. If it has metastasized to the lymph nodes, the 5-year survival is around 5 % to 15 %. If it has spread metastatically to other organs, the 5-year survival rate is less than 5 %.
For those that have tumor recurrence after surgery, the prognosis is generally poor. Renal cell carcinoma does not generally respond to chemotherapy or radiation. Immunotherapy, which attempts to induce the body to attack the remaining cancer cells, has shown promise. Recent trials are testing newer agents, though the current complete remission rate with these approaches are still low, around 12-20% in most series.
See also
External links
- Photo at: Atlas of Pathology
- www.411cancer.com - General Cancer Information
- Vaccine for kidney cancer
References
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