Primary central nervous system lymphoma medical therapy
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Primary central nervous system lymphoma Microchapters |
Differentiating Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma from other Diseases |
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Overview
Primary CNS lymphoma is a primary intracranial tumor usually present in those with severe immunosuppression --- commonly in those with AIDS --- and represents around 20% of all cases of lymphomas in HIV infection (other types being Burkitt's lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphoma).
Medical therapy
Surgical resection is usually ineffective because of the depth of the tumor. Treatment with irradiation and corticosteroids often only produces a partial response, but tumor recurs in more than 90% of patients. Median survival is 10 to 18 months in immunocompetent patients, and less in those with AIDS. The addition of IV methotrexate and citrovorum may extend survival to a median of 3.5 years. If radiation is added to methotrexate, median survival may increase beyond 4 years. However, radiation is not recommended in conjunction with methotrexate because of increased risk of leukoencephalopathy and dementia in patients older than 60 years of age[1].
References
- ↑ Deangelis LM, Hormigo A. Treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Semin Oncol 2004; 31:684-692. In AIDS patients, perhaps the most important factor with respect to treatment is the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), which affects the CD4+ lymphocyte population and the level of immunosuppression