Aortic sclerosis overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Aortic sclerosis commonly affects elderly population. Microscopic changes reveal lipoprotein accumulation, cellular infiltration and extracellular matrix formation that cause progressive thickening of the aortic valve.^[1] Aortic sclerosis is defined based on echocardiographic findings which include focal valve thickening with associated increase in echogenicity.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Epidemiology

Majority of the patients with aortic sclerosis are aged beyond 65 years and are associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction even in the absence of hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.^[5]^[3]^[2]

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Mostly asymptomatic
Aortic sclerosis is an incidental echocardiographic finding

Physical Examination

Systolic murmur

Echocardiography

Focal areas of valve thickening as opposed to diffuse thickening observed in normal aging
Commissural areas are spared
Leaflet mobility is normal
Valvular hemodynamic parameters are normal with a jet velocity of less than 2.5 m per sec across the valve

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Freeman RV, Otto CM (2005). "Spectrum of calcific aortic valve disease: pathogenesis, disease progression, and treatment strategies". Circulation. 111 (24): 3316–26. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.486738. PMID 15967862. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Otto CM, Lind BK, Kitzman DW, Gersh BJ, Siscovick DS (1999). "Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly". The New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (3): 142–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907153410302. PMID 10403851. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM (1997). "Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 29 (3): 630–4. PMID 9060903. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Gharacholou SM, Karon BL, Shub C, Pellikka PA (2011). "Aortic valve sclerosis and clinical outcomes: moving toward a definition". The American Journal of Medicine. 124 (2): 103–10. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.10.012. PMID 21295189. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Lindroos M, Kupari M, Heikkilä J, Tilvis R (1993). "Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 21 (5): 1220–5. PMID 8459080. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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[pmid15967862-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Freeman RV, Otto CM (2005). "Spectrum of calcific aortic valve disease: pathogenesis, disease progression, and treatment strategies". Circulation. 111 (24): 3316–26. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.486738. PMID 15967862. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid10403851-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Otto CM, Lind BK, Kitzman DW, Gersh BJ, Siscovick DS (1999). "Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly". The New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (3): 142–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907153410302. PMID 10403851. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid9060903-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM (1997). "Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 29 (3): 630–4. PMID 9060903. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid21295189-4] Gharacholou SM, Karon BL, Shub C, Pellikka PA (2011). "Aortic valve sclerosis and clinical outcomes: moving toward a definition". The American Journal of Medicine. 124 (2): 103–10. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.10.012. PMID 21295189. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid8459080-5] Lindroos M, Kupari M, Heikkilä J, Tilvis R (1993). "Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 21 (5): 1220–5. PMID 8459080. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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