Cardiac disease in pregnancy epidemiology and demographics

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Special Scenarios: I. Pre-existing Cardiac Disease: Congenital Heart Disease Repaired Congenital Heart Disease Pulmonary Hypertension Rheumatic Heart Disease Connective Tissue Disorders II. Valvular Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis Mitral Regurgitation Aortic Insufficiency Aortic Stenosis Mechanical Prosthetic Valves Tissue Prosthetic Valves III. Cardiomyopathy: Dilated Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Peripartum Cardiomyopathy IV. Cardiac diseases that may develop During Pregnancy: Arrhythmias Acute Myocardial Infarction Hypertension
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

• Cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke, account for more than one-third (33.6%) of all U.S. deaths.[4]

• Approximately 1% of all pregnancies are complicated by cardiovascular disease.

• Heart disease along with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism has surpassed hemorrhage, infection, and hypertensive disorders as the leading cause of maternal mortality (20-30%).

Pregnancy-related Mortality in the United States [5]

• A pregnancy-related death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within one year of pregnancy termination regardless of the duration or site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes.

• In the United States—

• Of the 3,319 deaths within a year of pregnancy termination that occurred in 2006-2007, 1,294 were found to be pregnancy-related.
• The pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 15.1 deaths per 100,000 live births for the period 2006–2007.

• Considerable racial disparities in pregnancy-related mortality exist and during the 2006–2007 period, the pregnancy-related mortality ratios were:

• 11.0 deaths per 100,000 live births for white women.
• 34.8 deaths per 100,000 live births for black women.
• 15.7 deaths per 100,000 live births for women of other races.

• The graph below depicts the causes for pregnancy-related deaths in the United States for the year 2006-2007.

Resources

• CDC: Pregnancy-related Mortality in the United States, 2006-2007
• CDC: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1998–2005

• CDC: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1991–1997

• CDC: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1987–1990.

References

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