Confusion laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ;

Laboratory tests

A large number of tests are needed in presentations of confusion. Most of the tests are to determine the cause of confusion. Careful history can reduce the burden of unnecessary tests.

• Blood tests include routine tests like CBC to assess general condition.

• Serum creatine, glucose, calcium , electrolytes.

• Blood for toxins and drugs.

• Urine analysis and culture.

• Blood culture if infectious cause has to be evaluated.

• Blood gas analysis if any metabolic derangement are suspected.

• Vitamin assays and cholesterol levels may indicate nutritional status.

• Renal function tests and liver function tests are useful if they are the cause of confusion.

• Assesment of hormone levels may be usefull espicecially thyroid.