Osteoporosis laboratory findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Lab tests for the diagnosis of Osteoporosis include some baseline tests like complete blood count (CBC), serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase and 25(OH) vitamin D as well as tests for diagnosing secondary osteoporosis, which include 24 hr serum calcium, serum protein electrophoresis and bone marrow biopsy.
Lab tests
Baseline tests
- Complete blood count - in anemia especially sickel cell anemia, multiple myeloma, alcoholism
- Serum calcium levels - can reflect underlying disease states (e.g, severe hypercalcemia may reflect underlying malignancy or hyperparathyroidism; hypocalcemia can contribute to osteoporosis)
- Serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase
- Serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels
- Serum creatinine levels - reflect chronic renal failure which leads to renal osteodystrophy
- Serum magnesium levels - important in calcium homeostasis
- Serum iron and ferritin levels - for excluding hemochromatosis
- Liver function tests (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amiontransferase, gama-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin) - aids in diagnosing alcoholism
- Thyroid function tests
Tests for secondary osteoporosis
- 24-hr serum calcium
- Serum Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels
- Testorone and gonadotropin levels - in men
- Urine free cortisol levels
- Over night dexamethasone suppression test - for Cushing's syndrome
- Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and Urine protein electrophoresis - for Multiple myeloma
- Antigliadin and anti-endomysial antibodies - for Celiac disease
- Serum tryptase and urine N-methylhistamine - for identifying Mastocytosis
- Bone marrow biopsy - for hematological disorders
References