Esophagitis
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1],Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Soumya Sachdeva
Synonyms and keywords: Oesophagitis
Overview
Esophagitis is defined as inflammation of the esophagus. The inflammation can be due to a variety of causes such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, viruses, or chemical injuries.
Pathophysiology
- The most common cause is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). If caused by GERD, the diseases is also called reflux esophagitis.
- Other causes of esophagitis include infections (most commonly candida, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus). These infections are typically seen in immunocompromised people, such as those with HIV.
- Food allergies have also been known to cause esophagitis
- Chemical injury by alkaline or acid solutions may also cause esophagitis, and is usually seen in children or in adults who attempt suicide.
- Physical injury resulting from radiation therapy or by nasogastric tubes may also be responsible.
Causes
Common Causes
Casues in Alphabetical Order
- Other causes of esophagitis include infections (most commonly candida, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus). These infections are typically seen in immunocompromised people, such as those with HIV.
- Food allergies have also been known to cause esophagitis
- Chemical injury by alkaline or acid solutions may also cause esophagitis, and is usually seen in children or in adults who attempt suicide.
- Physical injury resulting from radiation therapy or by nasogastric tubes may also be responsible.
Diagnosis
Symptoms
The symptoms of esophagitis include:
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Chest pain, in the middle of the chest, often radiating to the back, usually associated with swallowing or soon after a meal
- Difficulty swallowing and/or painful swallowing, especially if there is a feeling of food getting stuck on the way down
- Hoarseness
- Mouth sores
- Nausea
- Sore throat
- Vomiting
Symptoms of underlying diseases that cause esophagitis include:
Complete Differential Diagnosis
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
- Bacterial infection
- Candida
- Caustic burn
- Crohn's Disease
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Drugs, toxins
- Fungal infection
- Gastric tube
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Gastroscopy
- Hernias
- Herpes
- Metastasis
- Radiation
- Surgery
- Tumor
- Vomiting
Diagnostic Findings
X-ray Findings
(Images shown below are courtesy of RadsWiki)
Endoscopic Findings
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Candida esophagitis
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NSAID esophagitis
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Peptic esophagitis
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Herpetic esophagitis
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Caustic lye esophagitis
Pathological Findings
Gross Images
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Esophagus: Candida: Gross natural color close up of distal esophagus mucosa, an excellent example of candida esophagitis
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Esophagitis Candida: Gross natural color close-up, an excellent example
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Esophagitis Candida: Gross natural color excellent close-up photo case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia
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Necrotizing esophagitis and gastritis, sulfuric acid ingested as suicide attempt
Microscopic Images
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Herpes esophagitis 100 x
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Herpes esophagitis 400 x
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Herpes esophagitis 600 x
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Reflux esophagitis 100 x
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Reflux esophagitis 400 x
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Necrotizing esophagitis and gastritis, sulfuric acid ingested as suicide attempt
Histopathological Findings: Herpes esophagitis
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References
{{Gastroenterology}