Drug allergy risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2]

Drug Allergy
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Risk Factors

Patient Related Risk Factors

• Gender - Women are more likely than men to have both immediate and delayed reactions, and the risk is greater in women of childbearing age.
• Age - Drug allergy occurs more frequently in young and middle-aged adults than in infants and the elderly.
• Genetics - Drug allergies run in families, and is associated with genetic polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen type B (HLA-B) alleles.
• Viral infections - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are associated with an increased likelihood of developing immunologic reactions to drugs.
• Prior drug allergy - A drug allergy in the past causes a person to be at a higher risk for an allergic reaction to the same drug, as well to a different type of drug.
• Atopy - Patients with a history of atopy, such as allergic asthma or food allergy, are not at an increased risk of developing an allergic reaction to the drug, but are at higher risk for the severe clinical manifestations of drug allergy when it does occur.