Nephrotic syndrome laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Laboratory Findings

The following are baseline, essential investigations

  • Urine sample shows proteinuria. It is also examined for active casts; which is more a feature of active nephritis.
  • Hypoalbuminemia: albumin levels in blood < 30g/L
  • High levels of cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), specifically elevated LDL, usually with concomitantly elevated VLDL
  • The classic Maltese cross pattern is evident in fatty casts with polarized microscopy because of the birefringence of the lipid. [1] Maltese crosses are due to cholesterol, which is increased in nephrotic syndrome.
  • Electrolytes, urea and creatinine (EUCs): to evaluate renal function

Tests to rule out various causes may include the following:

This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:

  • Urinary casts
  • Serum iron

References

  1. http://www.gamewood.net/rnet/renalpath/ch3.htm The Nephrotic Syndrome access date=2007-11-20

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