V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0D1gene.[1][2]
This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c, and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is known as the D subunit and is found ubiquitously.[2]
References
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Stevens TH, Forgac M (1998). "Structure, function and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase". Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 13 (1): 779–808. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.779. PMID9442887.
Nelson N, Harvey WR (1999). "Vacuolar and plasma membrane proton-adenosinetriphosphatases". Physiol. Rev. 79 (2): 361–85. PMID10221984.
Nishi T, Forgac M (2002). "The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases--nature's most versatile proton pumps". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3 (2): 94–103. doi:10.1038/nrm729. PMID11836511.
Kawasaki-Nishi S, Nishi T, Forgac M (2003). "Proton translocation driven by ATP hydrolysis in V-ATPases". FEBS Lett. 545 (1): 76–85. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00396-X. PMID12788495.
Wang SY, Moriyama Y, Mandel M, et al. (1988). "Cloning of cDNA encoding a 32-kDa protein. An accessory polypeptide of the H+-ATPase from chromaffin granules". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (33): 17638–42. PMID2903164.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID8889548.
Agarwal AK, White PC (2001). "Structure of the VPATPD gene encoding subunit D of the human vacuolar proton ATPase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 279 (2): 543–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4003. PMID11118322.