Boerhaave syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Unfortunately, in the present time, the most common cause of esophageal perforation is iatrogenic. However, it should also be noted that iatrogenic perforations, while still constituting a serious medical condition, are easier to treat and less prone to complications, particularly mediastinitis and sepsis. This owes to the fact that they usually do not involve contamination of the mediastinum with gastric contents.
It is a pressure induced injury resulting from a acute increase in intraluminal pressure against a closed cricopharyngeus.
Perforation typically occurs at the weakest point in the esophagus.
- Usually the left lower esophagus below the diaphragm in adults
- Usually into the right pleural cavity in very young patients
Alcoholism and overindulgence in food and drink are primary risk factors. Both can lead to emesis, which is a major component of the classic presentation. There is no genetic predilection.