The electrocardiogram
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Fundamentals of EKG
Basic Principles of Interpretation of an EKG
- Introduction to ECG
- How to Read an ECG
- Normal sinus rhythm
- QRS axis and voltage
- Overall Overview on Electrocardiography
EKG Complexes
EKG Intervals
Abnormal Findings in EKG
- P wave alternans
- Retrograde P wave
- PR interval alternans
- QRS complex alternans
- Low QRS voltage
- Poor R wave progression
- T wave alternans
- Nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave changes
- T wave inversion
- QT prolongation
- Tombstone ST elevation
- U wave
- Osborn wave
- H wave
- K wave
- Delta wave
- NSSTW changes
Conduction System
EKG Abnormalities in Disease States
Tachyarrhythmias
Atrial Arrhythmias
- Sinus Tachycardia
- Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs)
- Ectopic Atrial Rhythm
- Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT)
- Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block
- Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
- Atrial Flutter
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Wandering atrial pacemaker
Ventricular Arrhythmias
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia with a Wide QRS Complex
- Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
- Ventricular Parasystole
- Premature Ventricular Contractions
- Ventricular Tachycardia Including Torsades De Pointes and Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- Sudden cardiac death
Bradycardia and Conduction Abnormalities
- Sinus bradycardia
- First Degree AV Block
- Second Degree AV Block
- Complete or Third-Degree AV Block
- Concealed conduction
- AV Junctional Rhythms
- Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
- Left Bundle Branch Block
- Right Bundle Branch Block
- Trifascicular block
Diagnosis of Hypertrophy and Enlargement
- Electrocardiographic Findings in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
- Electrocardiographic Findings in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH)
- Electrocardiographic Findings in Biventricular Hypertrophy
- Electrocardiographic Findings in Left Atrial Enlargement
- Electrocardiographic Findings in Right Atrial Enlargement
- Electrocardiographic Findings in Biatrial Enlargement
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Different Disease States
- The EKG in the Patient with an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- EKG Changes of Hypothermia
- EKG Abnormalities in CNS Disease
- The EKG of Cardiac Transplantation
- The EKG in a Patient with a Pacemaker
- Electrocardiography of Traumatic Heart Disease
Drug Effects on the EKG
- Digitalis
- Quinidine
- Procainamide
- Disopyramide
- Lidocaine
- Tocainide and Mexiletine
- Phenytoin
- Encainide, Flecainide and Propafenone
- β-blockers
- Amiodarone
- Bretylium
- Ca Channel Blockers
- Adenosine
- Phenothiazines
- Tricyclic Antidepressants
- Lithium
EKG in Electrolyte Disturbances
Additional Information