Sepsis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]
Overview
The hospitalization rate of those with a principal diagnosis of septicemia or sepsis more than doubled from 2000 through 2008. During the same period, the hospitalization rate for those with septicemia or sepsis as a principal or as a secondary diagnosis increased by 70% from 22.1 to 37.7 per 10,000 population. Reasons for these increases may include an aging population with more chronic illnesses; greater use of invasive procedures, immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy, and transplantation; and increasing microbial resistance to antibiotics.
Epidemiology
USA
- In the United States, sepsis is the leading cause of death in non-coronary ICU patients
Worldwide
- It is a major cause of death in intensive care units worldwide, with mortality rates that range from 20% for sepsis to 40% for severe sepsis to > 60% for septic shock.
Race
Commoner in African Americans compared to other races in United States.
Season
Common in winter compared to other seasons.
Risk groups
- Sepsis is common and also more dangerous in elderly, immunocompromised, and critically ill patients.
- It occurs in 1%-2% of all hospitalizations and accounts for as much as 25% of intensive care unit (ICU) bed utilization
Morbidity & Mortality [1]
- It is the tenth most common cause of death overall according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[2]
- The hospitalization rate of those with a principal diagnosis of septicemia or sepsis more than doubled from 2000 through 2008, increasing from 11.6 to 24.0 per 10,000 population.
- During the same period, the hospitalization rate for those with septicemia or sepsis as a principal or as a secondary diagnosis increased by 70% from 22.1 to 37.7 per 10,000 population
- Reasons for these increases may include an aging population with more chronic illnesses; greater use of invasive procedures, immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy, and transplantation; and increasing microbial resistance to antibiotics [3]. Increased coding of these conditions due to greater clinical awareness of septicemia or sepsis [4] may also have occurred during the period studied.
- Only 2% of hospitalizations in 2008 were for septicemia or sepsis, yet they made up 17% of in-hospital deaths.
- In-hospital deaths were more than eight times as likely among patients hospitalized for septicemia or sepsis (17%) compared with other diagnoses (2%). In addition, those hospitalized for septicemia or sepsis were one-half as likely to be discharged home, twice as likely to be transferred to another short-term care facility, and three times as likely to be discharged to long-term care institutions, as those with other diagnoses.
Age [1]
- For those under age 65, 13% of those hospitalized for septicemia or sepsis died in the hospital, compared with 1% of those hospitalized for other conditions.
- For those aged 65 and over, 20% of septicemia or sepsis hospitalizations ended in death compared with 3% for other hospitalizations.
Cost analysis [1]
- Total nationwide inpatient annual costs of treating those hospitalized for septicemia have been rising and were estimated to be $14.6 billion in 2008.
- Even with this expenditure, the death rate was high.
- Patients who do survive severe cases are more likely to have negative long-term effects on health and on cognitive and physical functioning.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Products - Data Briefs - Number 62 - June 2011". Retrieved 2012-09-17.
- ↑ Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, Moss M. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17;348(16):1546-54. PMID 12700374 Full Text.
- ↑ Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J, Pinsky MR (2001). "Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care". Critical Care Medicine. 29 (7): 1303–10. PMID 11445675. Retrieved 2012-09-17. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wiedermann CJ, Adamson IY, Pert CB, Bowden DH (1988). "Enhanced secretion of immunoreactive bombesin by alveolar macrophages exposed to silica". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 43 (2): 99–103. PMID 2826633. Retrieved 2012-09-17. Unknown parameter
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