Hypothyroidism epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Farman Khan, MD, MRCP [2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) reported hypothyroidism in 3.7% of the US population. Hypothyroidism was defined as TSH levels exceeding 4.5 mIU/L[1]In community surveys, the prevalence of hypothyroidism has been reported from 0.1 to 2 percent.
Sex
Overall Hypothyroidism is about five to eight times more common in women than men.It is more common in women with small body size at birth and low body mass index during childhood. [2]
Age
Hypothyroidism is most prevalent in elderly populations.From 2-20% of older age groups have some form of hypothyroidism.The frequency of goiters, thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism increases with age.The Framingham study found hypothyroidism (TSH > 10 mIU/L) in 5.9% of women and 2.4% of men older than 60 years while hypothyroidism was defined as TSH > 10 mIU/L.
Race
NHANES( 1999-2002 ) reported that the prevalence of hypothyroidism (including the subclinical form) was higher in whites (5.1%) and Mexican Americans than in African Americans (1.7%). African Americans tend to have lower median TSH values.
World Health Organization (WHO) data from 130 countries taken from January 1994 through December 2006 found inadequate iodine nutrition in 30.6% of the population.. In developed countries, death caused by hypothyroidism is uncommon.It affects about 5% of the United Kingdom population over 60 years of age. As of 2006, more than 1% of the United Kingdom population were receiving T4 (Thyroxine) replacement therapy for hypothyroidism.[3]
References
- ↑ Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, Mahaffey KR (2007). "Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002)". Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 17 (12): 1211–23. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.0235. PMID 18177256. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kajantie E, Phillips DI, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Forsén T, Eriksson JG (2006). "Spontaneous hypothyroidism in adult women is predicted by small body size at birth and during childhood". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 91 (12): 4953–6. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1093. PMID 16984989. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Fraser A, Nahshoni E, Weizman A, Leibovici L (2006). "Thyroxine-triiodothyronine combination therapy versus thyroxine monotherapy for clinical hypothyroidism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91 (7): 2592–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0448. PMID 16670166. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)