Sepsis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]
Overview
The hospitalization rate of those with a principal diagnosis of septicemia or sepsis more than doubled from 2000 through 2008. During the same period, the hospitalization rate for those with septicemia or sepsis as a principal or as a secondary diagnosis increased by 70% from 22.1 to 37.7 for every 10,000 people. Reasons for these increases may include an aging population with more chronic illnesses, greater use of invasive procedures, immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy, transplantation, and increasing microbial resistance to antibiotics. [1]
Epidemiology
USA
- In the United States, sepsis is the leading cause of death in non-coronary ICU patients
Worldwide
- It is a major cause of death in intensive care units worldwide, with mortality rates that range from 20% for sepsis to 40% for severe sepsis to > 60% for septic shock.
Race
More common in African Americans compared to other races in United States.
Season
Common in winter compared to other seasons.
Risk groups
- Sepsis is common and also more dangerous in elderly, immunocompromised, and critically ill patients.
- It occurs in 1%-2% of all hospitalizations and accounts for as much as 25% of intensive care unit (ICU) bed utilization
Morbidity and Mortality [1]
- It is the tenth most common cause of death overall according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[2]
- The hospitalization rate of those with a principal diagnosis of septicemia or sepsis more than doubled from 2000 through 2008, increasing from 11.6 to 24.0 per 10,000 population.
- During the same period, the hospitalization rate for those with septicemia or sepsis as a principal or as a secondary diagnosis increased by 70% from 22.1 to 37.7 per 10,000 population
- Reasons for these increases may include an aging population with more chronic illnesses; greater use of invasive procedures, immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy, and transplantation; and increasing microbial resistance to antibiotics [3]. Increased coding of these conditions due to greater clinical awareness of septicemia or sepsis [4] may also have occurred during the period studied.
- Only 2% of hospitalizations in 2008 were for septicemia or sepsis, yet they made up 17% of in-hospital deaths.
- In-hospital deaths were more than eight times as likely among patients hospitalized for septicemia or sepsis (17%) compared with other diagnoses (2%). In addition, those hospitalized for septicemia or sepsis were one-half as likely to be discharged home, twice as likely to be transferred to another short-term care facility, and three times as likely to be discharged to long-term care institutions, as those with other diagnoses.
Age [1]
- For those under age 65, 13% of those hospitalized for septicemia or sepsis died in the hospital, compared with 1% of those hospitalized for other conditions.
- For those aged 65 and over, 20% of septicemia or sepsis hospitalizations ended in death compared with 3% for other hospitalizations.
Cost analysis [1]
- Total nationwide inpatient annual costs of treating those hospitalized for septicemia have been rising and were estimated to be $14.6 billion in 2008.
- Even with this expenditure, the death rate was high.
- Patients who do survive severe cases are more likely to have negative long-term effects on health and on cognitive and physical functioning.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Products - Data Briefs - Number 62 - June 2011". Retrieved 2012-09-17.
- ↑ Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, Moss M. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17;348(16):1546-54. PMID 12700374 Full Text.
- ↑ Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J, Pinsky MR (2001). "Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care". Critical Care Medicine. 29 (7): 1303–10. PMID 11445675. Retrieved 2012-09-17. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wiedermann CJ, Adamson IY, Pert CB, Bowden DH (1988). "Enhanced secretion of immunoreactive bombesin by alveolar macrophages exposed to silica". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 43 (2): 99–103. PMID 2826633. Retrieved 2012-09-17. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
External Links
Center for disease control and prevention