Bacterial pneumonia other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz
Overview
Diagnostic studies apart from routine labs helpful in diagnosing bacterial pneumonia include gram staining, sputum samples, polymerase chain reaction, bronchoalveolar lavage as well as urine antigen in select cases.
Other Lab Tests
Gram staining
- Gram staining can identify if an organism is gram positive, gram negative, or does not have a cell wall as in the case of Mycoplasma
Sputum samples
- Sputum samples should be obtained when patient presents with a productive cough
- A common practice in hospitalized patients
Polymerase Chain Reaction
- PCR results are very rapid and sensitive for detection of bacteria[1]
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- BAL is especially helpful in determining the presence of bacterial pneumonia in non-immunocompromised and mechanically ventilated patients[2]
- Provides accurate results but obtaining a sample may present some difficulties therefore it is done in patients who are intubated and can provide a sample
Urine Antigen
- Urine antigen samples are not often used, but may assist in the diagnosis of Legionella[3]
References
- ↑ Aydemir O, Aydemir Y, Ozdemir M (2014). "The role of multiplex PCR test in identification of bacterial pathogens in lower respiratory tract infections". Pak J Med Sci. 30 (5): 1011–6. doi:10.12669/pjms.305.5098. PMC 4163223. PMID 25225517.
- ↑ Sanchez Nieto JM, Carillo Alcaraz A (1995). "The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 14 (10): 839–50. doi:10.1007/BF01691489. PMC 7102128 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 8605896. - ↑ Couturier MR, Graf EH, Griffin AT (2014). "Urine antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory infections: legionellosis, histoplasmosis, pneumococcal pneumonia". Clin Lab Med. 34 (2): 219–36. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2014.02.002. PMID 24856525.