Empyema (patient information)
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Empyema |
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Empyema On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Empyema is a collection of pus in the space between the lung and the inner surface of the chest wall (pleural space).
What are the symptoms of empyema?
- Chest pain, which worsens when you breathe in deeply (pleurisy)
- Dry cough
- Excessive sweating, especially night sweats
- Fever and chills
- General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise)
- Shortness of breath
- Weight loss (unintentional)
What causes empyema?
Empyema is usually caused by an infection that spreads from the lung. It leads to a buildup of pus in the pleural space.
There can be a pint or more of infected fluid. This fluid puts pressure on the lungs.
Risk factors include:
- Bacterial pneumonia
- Chest surgery
- Lung abscess
- Trauma or injury to the chest
In rare cases, empyema can occur after a needle is inserted through the chest wall to draw off fluid in the pleural space for medical diagnosis or treatment (thoracentesis).
Who is at highest risk?
Diagnosis
The health care provider may note decreased breath sounds or an abnormal sound (friction rub) when listening to the chest with a stethoscope (auscultation).
Tests may include the following:
- Chest x-ray
- CT scan of chest
- Pleural fluid Gram stain and culture
- Thoracentesis
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for empyema?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Empyema