Nephritic syndrome history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Signs and symptoms

Nephritic syndrome is characterized by;

• proteinuria (protein in the urine)
• hematuria (blood in the urine), with red blood cell (RBC) casts present in the urine
• hypertension (high blood pressure)

and variable renal insufficiency, with;

• azotemia (elevated blood nitrogen)
• oliguria (low urine output <400 mL/day)

The main features are hypertension and RBC casts. The proteinuria in nephritic syndrome is not usually severe, but may occasionally be heavy enough to be in the range usually found in nephrotic syndrome.

Mnemonic: PHAROH = Proteinuria, Hematuria, Azotemia, RBC casts, Oliguria, Hypertension