Mitral regurgitation resident survival guide
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]
Overview
Mitral regurgitation is a disorder of the valve of the heart present between the left atrium and left ventricle. Blood from the left ventricle enters the left atrium along with aorta, because of the incompetence of the mitral valve.
Classification
Mitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic. Acute mitral regurgitation causes sudden overload of the left atrium and left ventricle and can cause pulmonary congestion. Chronic regurgitation develops over months to years and in this phase the left ventricle develops eccentric hypertrophy in order to compensate for the pressure changes in the heart and if decompensated the left ventricle enters a dysfunctional phase.
Causes
Mitral regurgitation is caused by
Diagnosis
Symptoms
- Acute miral regurgitation presents with the following symptoms:
- Chronic mitral regurgitation may have a prolonged asymptomatic interval phase before the heart enters a decompensated phase where the patient may have the symptoms of low cardiac output and pulmonary congestion. By the time symptoms develop, left ventricular dysfunction may have already occurred.