Chikungunya
| Chikungunya | |
| ICD-10 | A92.0 |
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| ICD-9 | 065.4, 066.3 |
| DiseasesDB | 32213 |
| MeSH | D018354 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||||
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Chikungunya Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Chikungunya On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chikungunya |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Etymology
The name is derived from the Makonde word meaning "that which bends up" in reference to the stooped posture developed as a result of the arthritic symptoms of the disease. The disease was first described by Marion Robinson[1] and W.H.R. Lumsden[2] in 1955, following an outbreak on the Makonde Plateau, along the border between Tanganyika and Mozambique, in 1952. Chikungunya is closely related to O'nyong'nyong virus[3].
Impact
Chikungunya is generally not fatal. However, in 2005-2006, 200 deaths were associated with chikungunya on Réunion island and a widespread outbreak in India, primarily in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh. After flood and heavy rains in Rajasthan, India in August 2006, thousands of cases were detected in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts and also in adjoining regions of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, and in the neighbouring country of Sri Lanka. In the southern Indian state of Kerala, 125 deaths were attributed to Chikungunya with the majority of the casualties reported in the district of Alapuzha, primarily in Cherthala. In December 2006, an outbreak of 3,500 confirmed cases occurred in Maldives, and over 60,000 cases in Sri Lanka, with over 80 deaths. [2]. In October 2006 more than a dozen cases of Chikungunya were reported in Pakistan. A recent outbreak of the disease during June 2007 in Pathanamthitta, Kottayam and Alappuzha districts of South Kerala, India claimed more than 50 lives. It is confirmed officially that there are 7000 confirmed Chikungunya patients in these areas. Unofficial reports suggest that more than one hundred thousand are suffering from symptoms of chikungunya.[citation needed]. The European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases [3] claims that new phylogenetic variants of the virus which are fatal have been identified on Réunion. [4]. In August/September 2007 some 160 people were infected in Italy's northern Ravenna region, resulting in one fatality.
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Chikungunya Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Chikungunya On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chikungunya |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [5]
Overview
References
- ↑ Robinson Marion (1955). "An Epidemic of Virus Disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53; I. Clinical Features". Trans Royal Society Trop Med Hyg. 49 (1): 28–32.
- ↑ Lumsden WHR (1955). "An Epidemic of Virus Disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53; II. General Description and Epidemiology". Trans Royal Society Trop Med Hyg. 49 (1): 33–57. Check date values in:
|year=(help) - ↑ Vanlandingham DL, Hong C, Klingler K, Tsetsarkin K, McElroy KL, Powers AM, Lehane MJ, Higgs S (2005). "Differential infectivities of o'nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 72 (5): 616–21. PMID 15891138. Check date values in:
|year=(help)
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Chikungunya Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Chikungunya On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chikungunya |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [6]
Overview
References
Epidemiology
Chikungunya was first described in Tanzania, Africa in 1952. The first outbreak in India was in 1963 in Kolkata(Calcutta).[1] An outbreak of chikungunya was also discovered in Port Klang in Malaysia in 1999 affecting 27 people [7] [8]. There was an outbreak in Italy late 2007, with 160 cases.[2]
Preventive measures
The most effective means of prevention are those that protect against any contact with the disease-carrying mosquitos. These include using insect repellent containing NNDB, DEET or permethrin, wearing long sleeves and trousers (pants), and securing screens on windows and doors. It's also important to empty stagnant water where mosquitoes breed. [9].
See also
Notes
- ↑ "Chikungunya-History". Retrieved 2007-05-20.
- ↑ BBC: Mosquito virus arrives in Europe, 6 September 2007
External links
General information
- CDC factsheet on Chikungunya
- ECDC Chikungunya fact-sheet
- CDC Review of Chikungunya Virus as published in the September 2007 volume of The Journal of General Virology.
- Alphaviruses
- WHO site on disease outbreak news
- Chikungunya Research and Chikun guniya - latest publications.
- Chikungunya is not Swahili (Internet Living Swahili Dictionary)
- Chikungunya and Pregnancy
- Chikungunya and how to handle it (Mauritius)
- European Center for Disease Prevention and Control: Chikungunya Info for Travellers
- Chikungunya Infection in India and Vector Control
- Genome Microevolution of Chikungunya Viruses Causing the Indian Ocean Outbreak, NIH, July 2006.
- Chikungunya Siddha Treatment
- Realities of Chikungunya in Kerala
News reports
- Chikungunya fever epidemic in Reunion Island (FR)
- French pledge for disease island (BBC article)
- Articles on Chikungunya in Seychelles
- Madagascar hit by mosquito virus (BBC article)
- Medindia.net
- [10]
- [11]
- European network for diagnosis of imported viral diseases
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