Brugada syndrome risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Risk Factors: Agents and Scenarios that Provoke the Brugada Syndrome Pattern
The electrocardiographic findings of Brugada syndrome are often concealed, but can be unmasked or modulated by a number of drugs and pathophysiological states including:
- Ajmaline (a diagnostic test agent)
- Cocaine
- Fever
- Flecainide (a diagnostic test agent)
- In large studies, a family history of sudden cardiac death among patients with Brugada syndrome does not appear to be a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in siblings.
- Procainamide (a diagnostic test agent)
- Propranolol intoxication
- Sodium channel blockers (a diagnostic test agent)
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Vagotonic agents that mimic sleep
- α-adrenergic agonists
- β-adrenergic blockers
Risk Statification
- Patients with syncope and an abnormal Type 1 ECG are at higher risk
- Asymptomatic patients at risk can be identified
- Presence of spontaneous Type 1 ST-segment elevation
- Characteristics of the S wave
- Presence of late potentials
- Inducibility of VT/VF using PES is controversial as a risk factor.