Amyloidosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Of the 15 biologically distinct forms of amyloid, the most common ones include AL, AA, Aβ, ATTR and Aβ₂M.

Classification

There are 15 biologically distinct forms of amyloid, some more clinically significant than others. Following is a brief description of the more common types of amyloid:

Official abb.	Amyloid type/Gene	Description	OMIM
AL	amyloid light chain	AL amyloidosis / multiple myeloma. Contains immunoglobulin light-chains (λ,κ) derived from plasma cells.	254500
AA	SAA	AA amyloidosis
Aβ	β amyloid/APP	Found in Alzheimer disease brain lesions.	605714
ATTR	transthyretin	A mutant form of a normal serum protein that is deposited in the genetically determined familial amyloid polyneuropathies. TTR is also deposited in the heart in senile systemic amyloidosis. Also found in Leptomeningeal amyloidosis.	105210
Aβ2M	β2 microglobulin	Not to be confused with Aβ, β2m is a normal serum protein, part of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class 1 molecules. Haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis
AIAPP	amylin	Found in the pancreas of patients with type 2 diabetes.
APrP	prion protein	In prion diseases, misfolded prion proteins deposit in tissues and resemble amyloid proteins. Some examples are Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (humans), BSE or "mad cow disease" (cattle), and scrapie (sheep and goats).	123400
AGel	GSN	Finnish type amyloidosis	105120
ACys	CST3	Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Icelandic-type	105150
AApoA1	APOA1	Familial visceral amyloidosis	105200
AFib	FGA	Familial visceral amyloidosis	105200
ALys	LYZ	Familial visceral amyloidosis	105200
?	OSMR	Primary cutaneous amyloidosis	105250
ABri ADan	ITM2B	Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, British-type Danish-type	176500 117300
APro	prolactin	Prolactinoma
AKer	keratoepithelin	Familial corneal amyloidosis
AANF	atrial natriuretic factor	Senile amyloid of atria of heart
ACal	calcitonin	Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid