Yellow fever risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Risk Factors
A traveler’s risk of acquiring yellow fever is determined by various factors, including immunization status, location of travel, season, duration of exposure, occupational and recreational activities while traveling, and the local rate of virus transmission at the time of travel. Although reported cases of human disease are the principal indicator of disease risk, case reports may be absent because of a high level of immunity in the population (e.g., due to vaccination campaigns), or because cases are not detected by local surveillance systems . Only a small proportion of yellow fever cases is recognized and officially reported because the involved areas are often remote and lack specific diagnostic capabilities.The risk of acquiring yellow fever is difficult to predict because of variations in ecologic determinants of virus transmission. During interepidemic periods, low-level transmission may not be detected by public health surveillance. Such interepidemic conditions may last years or even decades in certain countries or regions. This “epidemiologic silence” does not equate to absence of risk and should not lead to travel without the protection provided by vaccination.
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