Chikungunya history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The common symptoms of Chikungunya include fever, petechial or maculopapular rash and arthralgia or arthritis affecting multiple joints.
Symptoms
- The majority of people infected with chikungunya virus become symptomatic.
- The incubation period is typically 3–7 days (range, 1–12 days).
- The disease is most often characterized by acute onset of fever (typically >39°C [102°F]) and polyarthralgia.
- Joint symptoms are usually bilateral and symmetric, and can be severe and debilitating.
- Other symptoms may include headache, myalgia, arthritis, conjunctivitis, nausea/vomiting, or maculopapular rash.
- Clinical laboratory findings can include lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated creatinine, and elevated hepatic transaminases.
- Acute symptoms typically resolve within 7–10 days.
- Rare complications include uveitis, retinitis, myocarditis, hepatitis, nephritis, bullous skin lesions, hemorrhage, meningoencephalitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and cranial nerve palsies.
- Persons at risk for severe disease include neonates exposed intrapartum, older adults (e.g., > 65 years), and persons with underlying medical conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease).
- Some patients might have relapse of rheumatologic symptoms (e.g., polyarthralgia, polyarthritis, tenosynovitis) in the months following acute illness.
- Studies report variable proportions of patients with persistent joint pains for months to years.
- Mortality is rare and occurs mostly in older adults.