Trachoma (patient information)
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Trachoma |
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Trachoma On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Trachoma is a bacterial infection of the eye.
What are the symptoms of Trachoma?
Symptoms begin 5 to 12 days after being exposed to the bacteria. The condition begins slowly as inflammation of the tissue lining the eyelids (conjunctivitis, or "pink eye"), which if untreated may lead to scarring.
Symptoms may include:
- Cloudy cornea
- Discharge from the eye
- Swelling of lymph nodes just in front of the ears
- Swollen eyelids
- Turned-in eyelashes
What causes Trachoma?
Trachoma is caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.
The condition occurs worldwide, mostly in rural settings in developing countries. It frequently affects children, although the effects of scarring may not be seen until later in life. While trachoma is rare in the United States, certain populations marked by poverty, crowded living conditions, or poor hygiene are at higher risk for this illness.
Trachoma is spread through direct contact with infected eye, nose, or throat secretions or by contact with contaminated objects, such as towels or clothes. Certain flies can also spread the bacteria.
Who is at highest risk?
Diagnosis
An eye exam may reveal scarring on the inside of the upper eye lid, redness of the white part of the eyes, and new blood vessel growth into the cornea.
Laboratory tests are needed to accurately identify and detect the bacteria and diagnose trachoma.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Antibiotics can prevent long-term complications if used early in the infection. Antibiotics include erythromycin and doxycycline. In certain cases, eyelid surgery may be needed to prevent long-term scarring, which can lead to blindness if not corrected.
Where to find medical care for Trachoma?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Trachoma