Japanese encephalitis pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Pathophysiology

Transmission

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a flavivirus which is antigenically related to St. Louis encephalitis virus.

Culex mosquito laying eggs. (Photograph by Richard G. Weber)

• By rice field, breeding mosquitoes (primarily Mosquito-borne Culex tritaeniorhynchus group) become infected with Japanese encephalitis virus.
• Mosquitoes become infected by feeding on domestic pigs and wild birds infected with the Japanese encephalitis virus. Infected mosquitoes then transmit the Japanese encephalitis virus to humans and animals during the feeding process.
• The Japanese encephalitis virus is amplified in the blood systems of domestic pigs and wild birds.
• Japanese encephalitis virus is NOT transmitted from person-to-person. For example, one cannot get the virus from touching or kissing a person who has the disease, or from a health care worker who has treated someone with the disease.
• Only domestic pigs and wild birds are carriers of the Japanese encephalitis virus.

Japanese encephalitis outbreaks are usually circumscribed and do not cover large areas. They usually do not last more than a couple of months, dying out after the majority of the pig amplifying hosts have become infected.