Pertussis natural history, complications and prognosis
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
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Natural history
Because neither vaccination nor infection confers long-term immunity, infection of adolescents and adults is also common [1] Most adults and adolescents who become infected with Bordetella pertussis have been vaccinated or infected years previously. When there is residual immunity from previous infection or immunization, symptoms may be milder, such as a prolonged cough without the other classic symptoms of pertussis.
The clinical course of the illness is divided into three stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal and convalescent.
| Stage | Duration | Key features |
| Catarrhal | Usually 7 - 10 days | Low grade fever, coryza |
| Paroxysmal | Lasts for 1 - 6 weeks | Paroxysmal attacks, cyanosis at times |
| Convalescent | Usually 7 - 10 days | Gradual recovery, less paroxysmal coughs |
Complications
This disease results in high morbidity and mortality in many countries every year. Complications of the disease[2] include
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Secondary bacterial superinfection[3].
- Pneumonia
- Convulsions
- Nose bleeds(Epistaxis)
- Ear infections(Otitis )
- Encephalitis
- Bleeding in the brain(cerebral hemorrhage)
- Mental retardation
- Slowed or stopped breathing(apnea)
- Death
References
- ↑ Hewlett EL, Edwards KM (2005). "Pertussis--not just for kids". New Eng J Med. 352 (12): 1215–1222.
- ↑ "Pertussis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ Mattoo S, Cherry JD (2005). "Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies". Clin Microbiol Rev. 18 (2): 326–82. PMID 15831828.