Anosmia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

A temporary loss of smell can be caused by a stuffy nose or infection. In contrast, a permanent loss of smell may be caused by death of olfactory receptor neurons in the nose, or by brain injury in which there is damage to the olfactory nerve or damage to brain areas that process smell (see olfactory system). The lack of the sense of smell at birth, usually due to genetic factors, is referred as congenital anosmia. Anosmia may very occasionally be an early sign of degenerative brain diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Common Causes

• Allergies

• Common cold

• Infection

• Nasal polyp

• Old age

• Sinusitis

• Stuffy nose

• Trauma

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Acrylates, Cadmium Poisoning, Methacrylates
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Common cold, Nasal polyp, Samter's triad, Sinusitis, Stuffy nose,Swollen turbinate, Upper respiratory tract infection
Endocrine	Cystic Fibrosis, Kallmann syndrome,
Environmental	Nasal spray, Smoking, Zinc deficiency
Gastroenterologic	Cystic Fibrosis
Genetic	Anosmin-1 absence, Anosmin-1 damage, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis, Genetic factors, Intersexuality, KAL1 gene deletion, KAL1 gene mutation,Kallmann syndrome, Male pseudohermaphroditism,
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Permanent tracheostomy, Nasal spray
Infectious Disease	Infection, Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, Sinusitis, Upper respiratory tract infection
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Ethmoid bone injuries
Neurologic	Alzheimer's disease, Brain injury, Degenerative brain diseases, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Esthesioneuroblastoma, Holoprosencephaly, Parkinson's disease, Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Toxins, Zinc gluconate
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Samter's triad
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Allergies, Samter's triad
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Ethmoid bone injuries, Head trauma, Trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Old age