Delirium tremens overview
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Delirium Tremens Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Delirium tremens is an acute episode of delirium that is usually caused by withdrawal or abstinence, from alcohol following habitual excessive drinking, or benzodiazepines or barbiturates (and other major tranquilizers).
Epidemiology and Demographics
Five percent of acute ethanol withdrawal cases progress to delirium tremens. Unlike the withdrawal syndrome associated with opiate addiction (generally), delirium tremens (and alcohol withdrawal in general) can be fatal. Mortality can be up to 35% if untreated; if treated early, death rates range from 5-15%.
Screening
Screening tools include the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the CAGE screening test.
Diagnosis
Electrocardiogram
To evaluate any electrolyte abnormalities causing electro physiological changes in the heart muscle.
CT
To evaluate any electrolyte abnormalities causing electro physiological changes in the heart muscle.
Treatment
Primary Prevention
Avoid or reduce the use of alcohol. Get prompt medical treatment for symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.