HIV induced pericarditis pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.

Pathophysiology

Patients with advanced HIV have pericardial involvement at some point and the most common abnormality is pericardial effusion.[1]

  • Asymptomatic effusions are mostly small and idiopathic.
  • In advanced HIV disease, effusions are a part of generalized seroeffusive process (capillary leak) involving pleural and peritoneal surfaces, possibly related to enhanced cytokine expression, resulting in moderate to large effusions.
  • Congestive heart failure, Kaposi sarcoma, and tuberculosis are independently associated with moderate to large effusions.

References

  1. Barbaro G (2003). "Pathogenesis of HIV-associated cardiovascular disease". Adv Cardiol. 40: 49–70. PMID 14533546.

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