Diabetic foot epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
It has been reported that annually, about 1 to 4 percent of those with diabetes develop a foot ulcer; 10 to 15 percent of those with diabetes will have at least one foot ulcer during their lifetime.[1]
Gender
In 1987, Borch-Johnsen et al. described a male preponderance for the development of severe microvascular complications [2]. Diabetic foot disease is not an exception to this rule. For unknown reasons, men have a higher risk of diabetic foot disease compared to women. Some possible explanations are a higher bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and NO responsiveness and the protective role of estrogen in women [3]. However the beneficial effect of these factors are reversed by diabetes, irrespective of menopausal status. Nevertheless men still have a higher risk for having diabetic foot disease.
References
- ↑ Frykberg RG, Zgonis T, Armstrong DG, Driver VR, Giurini JM, Kravitz SR; et al. (2006). "Diabetic foot disorders. A clinical practice guideline (2006 revision)". J Foot Ankle Surg. 45 (5 Suppl): S1–66. doi:10.1016/S1067-2516(07)60001-5. PMID 17280936.
- ↑ Borch-Johnsen K, Nissen H, Salling N, Henriksen E, Kreiner S, Deckert T; et al. (1987). "The natural history of insulin-dependent diabetes in Denmark: 2. Long-term survival--who and why". Diabet Med. 4 (3): 211–6. PMID 2956021.
- ↑ Gladwin MT, Schechter AN, Ognibene FP, Coles WA, Reiter CD, Schenke WH; et al. (2003). "Divergent nitric oxide bioavailability in men and women with sickle cell disease". Circulation. 107 (2): 271–8. PMID 12538427.