Lactose intolerance epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

An estimated 70%[1] of adult humans are considered lactose intolerant, it is uncommon in healthy northern westerners and a few others groups.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence and Prevalence

Human groups Individuals Examined Percent Intolerant Allele frequency
Dutch N/A 1%[2] N/A
Swedes N/A 2%[3] 0.14
Europeans in Australia 160 4%[3] 0.20
White people of Northern European and Scandinavian descent N/A 5%[4][5] N/A
Danes N/A 5%[6] N/A
British 5–15%[7] N/A
Swiss N/A 10%[3] 0.316
White Americans 245 12%[3] 0.346
Tuareg N/A 13%[7] N/A
Germans N/A 15%[7] N/A
Austrians N/A 15–20%[7] N/A
Eastern Slavs (Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians) N/A 15%[8] N/A
Northern French N/A 17%[7] N/A
Finns 134 18%[3] 0.424
Central Italians 65 19%[9] N/A
Indian Children N/A 20%[4][5] N/A
African Tutsi N/A 20%[3] 0.447
African Fulani N/A 23%[3] 0.48
Bedouins N/A 25%[7] N/A
Northern Indians N/A 27%[10] N/A
African American Children N/A 45%[4] N/A
Indian Adults 150 50%[4][5][11] N/A
Southern Italians 51 41%[9] N/A
Saami (in Russia and Finland) N/A 25–60%[12] N/A
Northern Italians 89 52%[9] N/A
North American Hispanics N/A 53%[7] N/A
Balkans N/A 55%[7] N/A
Mexican American Males N/A 55%[4][5] N/A
Cretans N/A 56%[4] N/A
African Maasai 21 62%[13] N/A
Southern French N/A 65%[7] N/A
Greek Cypriots N/A 66%[4][5] N/A
North American Jews N/A 68.8%[4][5] N/A
Southern Indians N/A 70%[10] N/A
Sicilians 100 71%[14][15] N/A
South Americans N/A 65–75%[7] N/A
Rural Mexicans N/A 73.8%[4][5] N/A
African Americans 20 75%[3] 0.87
Kazakhs from northwest Xinjiang 195 76.4% [16]
Lebanese 75 78%[17] N/A
Central Asians N/A 80%[7] N/A
Alaskan Eskimo N/A 80%[4][5] N/A
Australian Aborigines 44 85%[3] 0.922
Inner Mongolians 198 87.9%[16]
African Bantu 59 89%[3] 0.943
Asian Americans N/A 90%[4][5] N/A
Northeastern Han Chinese 248 92.3%[16]
Chinese 71 93%[3] 0.964
Southeast Asians N/A 98%[4][5] N/A
Thais 134 98%[3] 0.99
Native Americans 24 100%[3] 1.00

The statistical significance varies greatly depending on number of people sampled.

Lactose Intolerance by Region (African countries are only a rough guess)

Age

Lactose intolerance levels also increase with age. At ages 2 - 3 yrs., 6 yrs., and 9 - 10 yrs., the amount of lactose intolerance is, respectively:

  • 6% to 15% in white Americans and northern Europeans
  • 18%, 30%, and 47% in Mexican Americans
  • 25%, 45%, and 60% in black South Africans
  • approximately 30%, 80%, and 85% in Chinese and Japanese
  • 30–55%, 90%, and >90% in Mestizos of Peru[18][19]

Chinese and Japanese populations typically lose between 80 and 90 percent of their ability to digest lactose within three to four years of weaning.

Race

Ashkenazi Jews can keep 20 - 30 percent of their ability to digest lactose for many years.[18][20][21] Of the 10% of the Northern European population that develops lactose intolerance, the development of lactose intolerance is a gradual process spread out over as many as 20 years.[22]Most Japanese can consume 200 ml (8 fl oz) of milk without severe symptoms (McGee 2004; Swagerty et al, 2002).[23]

References

  1. ↑ Kretchmer N. Lactose and lactase: a historical perspective. Gastroenterology, 1971;61, 805–813
  2. ↑ Genetics of lactose digestion in humans., Flatz, G. , Advances in Human Genetics, 1987
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Lactose and Lactase, Norman Kretchmer, Scientific American, October, 1972
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia, Enattah NS, Sahi T, Savilahti E, Terwilliger JD, Peltonen L, Jarvela I, Nat Genet. 2002 Feb;30(2):233–7
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Lactose Intolerance: The Molecular Explanation, UC Davis Nutritional Genomics website
  6. ↑ Anne Charlotte Jäger, "Laktose-intolerans: Gentest for laktose-intolerans - hurtig og billig diagnostik", DSKB-NYT, no. 1, February 2006.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 Michael de Vrese, Anna Stegelmann, Bernd Richter, Susanne Fenselau, Christiane Laue and Jürgen Schrezenmeir,"Probiotics—compensation for lactase insufficiency", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 73, No. 2, 421S-429s, February 2001.
  8. ↑ Prevalence of the lactase deficiency among the population of the northwestern region of Russia
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Primary adult lactose malabsorption in Italy: regional differences in prevalence and relationship to lactose intolerance and milk consumption, LT Cavalli-Sforza, A Strata, A Barone and L Cucurachi, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 45, 748–754, 1987
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lactose intolerance in North and South Indians, Tandon RK, Joshi YK, Singh DS, Narendranathan M, Balakrishnan V, Lal K., Am J Clin Nutr 1981;35:943–6, 1981.
  11. ↑ Lactose malabsorption in apparently healthy adults in northern India, assessed using lactose hydrogen breath test, Rana SV, Bhasin DK, Naik N, Indian Journal of Gastroenterology, Volume 23, Issue 2, p. 78, 2004
  12. ↑ A. Kozlov, D. Lisitsyn, "Hypolactasia in Saami subpopulations of Russia and Finland", Anthropologischer Anzeiger, 55(3-4):281–287, 1997.
  13. ↑ Lactose malabsorption among Masai children of East Africa, RT Jackson, MC Latham, Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Apr;32(4):779–82.
  14. ↑ Prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption and awareness of milk intolerance in Italy, G Roberto Burgio, Gebhard Flatz, Cristiana Barbera, Rosario Patan, Attilio Boner, Cinzia Cajozzo, and Sibylle D Flaiz, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 39: pp 100–104, January 1984.
  15. ↑ Lactose Intolerance, Tuula H. Vesa, Philippe Marteau, and Riitta Korpela, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 19, No. 90002, 165S-175S (2000)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption in three populations of northern China, Wang YG, Yan YS, Xu JJ, Du RF, Flatz SD, Kühnau W, Flatz G., Hum Genet. 1984;67(1):103-6.
  17. ↑ Lactose intolerance in the Lebanese population and in “Mediterranean lymphoma”, Salah M. Nasrallah, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32 , pp. 1994–1996, October, 1979.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Genetics and epidemiology of adult-type hypolactasia, Sahi T., Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl ;29:202:7–20, 1994
  19. ↑ Lactose malabsorption in Mexican-American children, Woteki CE, Weser E, Young EA, Am J Clin Nutr;29:19–24, 1976
  20. ↑ Genetics of lactose digestion in humans, Flatz G., Adv Hum Genet ;16:1 - 77, 1987
  21. ↑ Genetics of lactase persistence and lactose intolerance, Swallow DM., Annu Rev Genet ;37:197 - 219, 2003.
  22. ↑ Systemic lactose intolerance: a new perspective on an old problem, S B Matthews, J P Waud, A G Roberts and A K Campbell, Postgraduate Medical Journal;81:167 - 173, 2005.
  23. ↑ Studies on the etiology of milk intolerance in Japanese adults, Yoshida Y, Sasaki G, Goto S, Yanagiya S, Takashina K, Gastroenterol Jpn.;10(1):29–34, 1975
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