Omphalitis causes

Omphalitis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Omphalitis is most commonly caused by bacteria. The most common bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The infection is typically caused by a mix of these organisms and is, thus, a mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative infection. Anaerobic bacteria can also be involved. A common cause of omphalitis is improper cord care.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Sepsis

Common Causes

• Improper cord care
• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus agalactiae
• Streptococcus pyogenes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Carbuncle, folliculitis, pilonidal cyst
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Home birth, improper cord care, nonsterile delivery
Gastroenterologic	Meckel's diverticulum, patent urachus
Genetic	Infected urachal cyst, Meckel's diverticulum, patent urachus
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Cultural application of cow dung, home birth, improper cord care, navel piercing, nonsterile delivery, umbilical catheterization
Infectious Disease	Aeromonas, aspergillus fumigatus, bacteroides fragilis, candida, carbuncle, chorioamnionitis, clostridium perfringens, clostridium sordellii, cultural application of cow dung, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, folliculitis, group B streptococci, herpes simplex virus, infected urachal cyst, infection due to navel piercing, klebsiella, mycobacterium abscessus, proteus vulgaris, peptostreptococcus, pilonidal cyst, pityrosporum, plesiomonas shigelloides, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putrefaciens, sepsis, serratia marcescens, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Chorioamnionitis, low birth weight, prematurity, prolonged labor, prolonged rupture of membrane
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Defects in natural killer cell (NK) activity, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, neonatal alloimmune neutropenia
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Aeromonas

• Aspergillus fumigatus

• Bacteroides fragilis

• Candida

• Carbuncle

• Chorioamnionitis

• Clostridium perfringens

• Clostridium sordellii

• Cultural application of cow dung

• Defects in natural killer cell (NK) activity

• Enterobacter

• Enterococcus faecalis

• Escherichia coli

• Folliculitis

• Group B streptococci

• Herpes simplex virus

• Home birth

• Improper cord care

• Infected urachal cyst

• Klebsiella

• Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

• Low birth weight

• Meckel's diverticulum

• Mycobacterium abscessus

• Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia

• Nonsterile delivery

• Proteus vulgaris

• Patent urachus

• Peptostreptococcus

• Pilonidal cyst

• Pityrosporum

• Plesiomonas shigelloides

• Prematurity

• Prolonged labor

• Prolonged rupture of membranes

• Proteus mirabilis

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Pseudomonas putrefaciens

• Navel piercing

• Sepsis

• Serratia marcescens

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Staphylococcus epidermidis

• Streptococcus pyogenes

• Umbilical catheterization

Microbiology of Omphalitis

Omphalitis is most commonly caused by bacteria. The most common bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The infection is typically caused by a mix of these organisms and is, thus, a mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative infection. Anaerobic bacteria can also be involved.